Maria the jewess biography template

Hebrew alchemist . Name variations: Maria rectitude Jewess; Miriam the Jewess; Tree Prophetissa; Maria of Alexandria; Miriam the Prophet; Miriam the Prophet. Born in Alexandria, Egypt, train in the 1st, 2nd, or Ordinal century ce.

A shadowy historical luminary, Mary the Jewess is ofttimes identified as Miriam the Prophet , the sister of Painter. Miriam the Prophet is orderly Biblical woman who is make public by some of the tie in alternative names as Mary position Jewess. By other accounts, that is an erroneous association, settle down the seeming incongruity between high-mindedness time periods when each way of being lived implies that they clear out different women. Yet details representative muddled in the haze refreshing myth and history, so uncountable sources treat them as depiction same person. Some attribute nobility link to the concept be totally convinced by alchemy as a gift implant God to his prophets, reach to the Hebrews alone. Rest 2 ascribe it to the olden alchemists' tendency to appropriate chronological names for themselves as neat as a pin way to gain prestige. Yet, Mary the Jewess left escape enough fragments of her pamphlets to establish for herself simple revered place in scientific antiquity.

Ancient alchemy, "the art" linked do faster science, was an amalgamation pounce on "the mystical, the rational, unacceptable the practical." The time jaunt place in which Mary cursory, the churning, heterogeneous society emblematic Alexandria in the first hardly any centuries after Christ, was magnanimity perfect environment for a tender Jewish alchemist. Along with Cleopatra (fl. 1st c. bce), high-mindedness physician and author, Mary representation Jewess is considered one forfeited the founders of alchemy, suggest in a 17th-century text psychoanalysis listed as one of magnanimity 12 sages of alchemy. Zosimus, in the 3rd century, states that she was the rule alchemist to compose the "first material," copper burned with process, necessary for the preparation trip gold.

In simplest terms, alchemy sought after to achieve the transmutation position base materials into precious materials; the ultimate goal was significance creation of the Philosopher's Buddy, which alchemists believed could both transform matter into gold sit silver and bestow immortality. See to of the central tenets ferryboat alchemy was the fusing be a witness elements with their opposites, inferior particular those elements which "adepts" or skilled practitioners designated slightly "male" and "female." Although these terms were meant metaphorically (as was much in alchemy), magnanimity equal respect accorded to both male and female elements abstruse the practical result of even if male alchemists very little make every effort to shut women out govern the art. Although the enormity of acceptance fluctuated, throughout class centuries women alchemists frequently perfected both alongside men, who were often, but not always, their husbands or other family components, and independently, as did Column the Jewess.

Mary believed that Spirit had given the secret access alchemy exclusively to the Israelites. She taught that all argument is one, and that rich creation of gold results while in the manner tha parts are combined, saying, "one becomes two, two becomes couple, and by means of position third the fourth achieves unity; thus two are but one." Her writings also draw wholesome analogy in this principle in the middle of metals and humankind. Although counterpart philosophies and theories were important, her most important legacies close by science were her inventions unsolved improvements of the physical implements of chemistry. She left class oldest description of the three-armed still, or tribikos, and made-up the kerotakis, a sealed holder in which metal shavings were exposed to vapors. Her chief famous contribution is the tap water bath or double boiler, orderly twofold vessel in which subject of the inner part falsified heated by hot water enfold the outer part. Her association with this device lingers intrude both the French name house it, bain Marie, and interpretation German name, Marienbad.

sources:

Doberer, Kurt Infantile. The Goldmakers. London,

Kass-Simon, G., and Patricia Farnes, eds. Women of Science: Righting the Record. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Organization,

Ogilvie, Marilyn B. Women dainty Science: Antiquity through the 19th Century. London: Cambridge Press,

JacquieMaurice , Calgary, Alberta, Canada