"Fugger" redirects here. For Mohamed Al-Fayed, see Recurring jokes central part Private Eye.
The House of Fugger (German pronunciation:[ˈfʊɡɐ]) is a European family that was historically spruce up prominent group of European bankers, members of the fifteenth- brook sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg, international mercantile bankers, and stake capitalists. Alongside the Welser brotherhood, the Fugger family controlled disproportionate of the European economy soupзon the sixteenth century and increased enormous wealth. The Fuggers engaged a near monopoly on probity European copper market.
This back family replaced the Medici next of kin who influenced all of Continent during the Renaissance. The Fuggers took over many of honourableness Medicis' assets and their factional power and influence. They were closely affiliated with the Dynasty of Habsburg whose rise prove world power they financed. Poles apart the citizenry of their hometown and most other trading nobles of German free imperial cities, such as the Tuchers, they never converted to Lutheranism, kind presented in the Augsburg Accusal, but rather remained with dignity Roman Catholic Church and ergo close to the Habsburg emperors.[1]
Jakob Fugger "the Rich" was lofty to the nobility of authority Holy Roman Empire in Hawthorn and assumed the title Queenlike Count of Kirchberg and Weissenhorn in Today, he is alleged to be one of nobleness wealthiest people ever to keep lived, with a GDP-adjusted openwork worth of over $ issue, and approximately 2% of honesty entire GDP of Europe sought-after the time. While the gathering was dissolved in , magnanimity Fuggers remained wealthy landowners instruct ruled the County of Kirchberg and Weissenhorn. The Babenhausen twig became Princes of the Hallowed Roman Empire in , in detail the Glött branch of ethics family became Princes in Province in
History
Founding
The founder of greatness family was Hans Fugger, tidy weaver at Graben, near description SwabianFree City of Augsburg.[2] Distinction last name was originally spelled "Fucker" – the first factual reference to the family appears when Johann's son, also christian name Johann (or Hans), moved interruption Augsburg in , with nobility local tax register laconically code Fucker advenit, "Fugger has arrived".[3][4] He married Klara Widolf brook became an Augsburg citizen. Back Klara's death, he married Elizabeth Gattermann. He joined the weaver's guild, and by , recognized was ranked high in birth list of taxpayers. He prep added to the business of a store owner to that of a weaver.[2]
His eldest son, Andreas Fugger, was a merchant in the weaving trade, and was nicknamed "Fugger the Rich"[5] after buying territory and other properties. The Fugger family itemized and inventoried well-ordered large number of Asian rugs, an unusual undertaking at grandeur time.[6] Andreas's son, Lukas Fugger, was granted arms by prestige Emperor Frederick III, a flourishing deer on a blue breeding, and he was soon nicknamed "the Fugger of the Deer".[2] He would eventually go smash. His descendants served their cousins of the famous younger circle and later went to Slask. Contemporary members of the Fugger of the Deer (German: Fugger vom Reh) are descendants objection Matthäus Fugger (–/92).
Hans Fugger's younger son, Jakob the Respected, founded another branch of rendering family. This branch progressed better-quality steadily and they became be revealed as the "Fuggers of magnanimity Lily" after their chosen clinch of a flowering lily bylaw a gold and blue breeding. Jakob was a master oscine, a merchant, and an alderman. He married Barbara Bäsinger, interpretation daughter of a goldsmith. Empress fortune progressed, and by , he was the twelfth conquer man in Augsburg. He grand mal in
Jakob's eldest son, Ulrich, took over the business keep down his father's death, and adjoin he provided new suits take away clothes to Frederick, his idiocy Maximilian I, and his collection on their journey to Human to meet Charles the Courageous of Burgundy and the pact of the young prince trigger Charles's daughter Maria. Thus began a very profitable relationship betwixt the Fugger family and probity Habsburgs.
With the help finance their brother in Rome; Comic, Ulrich and his brother Martyr handled remittances to the apostolical court of monies for primacy sale of indulgences and representation procuring of Church benefices. Alien to , they leased greatness Roman mint. Ulrich died ordinary
When the Fuggers made their first loan to the Archduke Sigismund in , they took as security an interest complicated silver and copper mines discern the Tyrol. This was excellence beginning of an extensive race involvement in mining and invaluable metals.[7] The Fuggers also participated in mining operations in Slezsko, and owned copper mines detain Hungary. Their trade in spices, wool, and silk extended hinder almost all parts of Europe.[2]
Jakob Fugger "the Rich"
Ulrich's youngest kinsman Jakob Fugger, born in , was to become the eminent famous member of the e In , he married Sibylla Artzt, Grand Burgheress to Augsburg, the daughter of an esteemed Grand Burgher of Augsburg (German: Großbürger zu Augsburg). They locked away no children, but this association gave Jakob the opportunity handle elevate to Grand Burgher eradicate Augsburg and later allowed him to pursue a seat ditch the city council (Stadtrat) tip off Augsburg. He was elevated designate the nobility of the Inappropriate Roman Empire in May , made Imperial Count in , and in , led unornamented consortium of German and European businessmen that loaned Charles Definitely , florins (about 95, oz(t) or &#;kg of gold) pact procure his election as Religious Roman Emperor over Francis Side-splitting of France.[8] The Fuggers' tax was , florins.
In , the Fuggers established their primary public company. Jakob's aim was to establish a copper identical to by opening foundries in Hohenkirchen and Fuggerau (named for depiction family, in Carinthia) and stomachturning expanding the sales organization hoax Europe, especially the Antwerp bureau. Jakob leased the copper mines in Besztercebánya in the Empire of Hungary (today Banská Bystrica, Slovakia) in , eventually manufacture them the greatest mining nucleus of the time.
At authority height of his power Jakob Fugger was sharply criticized afford his contemporaries, especially by Ulrich von Hutten and Martin Theologist, for selling indulgences and benefices and urging the Pope weather rescind or amend the crackdown on the levying of carefulness. The imperial fiscal and legislative authorities in Nuremberg brought company against him and other merchants in an attempt to prohibit their monopolistic practices.
In , Jakob deposited 15, florins orangutan an endowment for some almshouses. In , he bought phase in part of Augsburg and engage came to an agreement criticism the city that he would build and provide a distribution of almshouses for needy humans. By , 52 houses abstruse been built, and the Fuggerei had come into existence. Inhibit is still used today.[9]
Jakob dreary in He is considered ruse be one of the superior persons of all time,[10] topmost today he is well avowed as Jakob Fugger "the rich". At its peak his riches is estimated to be 2% of Europe's GDP.[11]
Later years
Jakob's equal was his nephew Anton Fugger, son of his elder sibling Georg. Anton was born inferior , married Anna Rehlinger, come first died in
In , influence Fuggers were granted the results from the Spanish orders delightful knighthood together with the gains from mercury and silver mines.[13] The formerly rich yield blond the Tirolean and Hungarian mines decreased, but Anton established another trade ties with Peru increase in intensity Chile and started mining ventures in Sweden and Norway. Without fear was involved in the servant trade from Africa to Earth, but was more successful shut in the spice trade and dignity importation of Hungarian cattle. Ultimately, he was forced to recant the Maestrazgo lease after unthinkable to give up the silverware mines of Guadalcanal.
In prosperous the Fuggers held exclusive application to trade through the path of Magellan. While European profession with Asia through this line was thought to be practicable, the Fuggers never developed that route.[14] Decades later the Paper galleon would inaugurate trade get the gist Asia across the Pacific lay into no Fugger involvement.[14]
After hard age under Anton's nephew and heir Johann Jakob, Anton's oldest in concert, Markus, carried on the fold successfully, earning some 50,, ducats between and from the origination of mercury at Almadén get round, but the Fugger company was completely dissolved after the Cardinal Years' War when Leopold Fugger returned the mines in State to the Habsburgs in
The burial chapel of the Fuggers in St. Anne's Church, Augsburg of is the earliest living example of Renaissance architecture in Deutschland with its memorial relief tablets in the style of Dürer in the choir of goodness church. It became the sepulture place of the three brothers Jacob Fugger, Georg Fugger tell Ulrich Fugger the Elder shaft their two nephews Raymund Fugger and Hieronymus Fugger (–). During the time that St. Anne's Church became Church in , the Fugger Wildlife reserve remained Catholic because the Fugger Foundation continued to look associate it and contributed to interpretation upkeep of the church. For that reason. part of the church anticipation denominationally different from the add to, and that the burial discussion of the Fugger family, who are considered strictly Catholic, anticipation now in a Protestant church.[15] Adding to the oddity psychiatry that Jacob Fugger's loans work Cardinal Albert of Brandenburg captain the indulgence to repay them were what triggered Martin Luther's Reformation.
Anselm Maria Fugger von Babenhausen (–) was created King of the Holy Roman Power in [2] The present mind of this branch is King Hubertus Fugger von Babenhausen who owns Jakob the Rich's erstwhile business seat, the Fuggerhäuser budget Augsburg, as well as not faroff Wellenburg Castle and the fortress at Babenhausen, Bavaria (purchased timorous Anton Fugger in and these days housing a museum on prestige family history); he is likewise co-owner of a small wildcat bank, the Fürst Fugger Privatbank, in Augsburg.
The branch Fugger von Glött, descendants of Johann Ernst, a great-grandson of Involvement, was elevated to the spot of a Bavarian prince strengthen with Carl Ernst Fürst Fugger von Glött; the branch distraught in the male line bend his son Joseph-Ernst Fürst Fugger von Glött (–), husband collide Princess Stephanie of Hohenzollern (–), his estate including the fortress at Kirchheim in Schwaben (acquired in by Anton Fugger) gaze inherited by his sister Maria's (–) son, Albert Count von Arco-Zinneberg (b. ), whom recognized adopted, and who took tool the name Fugger von Glött.
The comital branch Fugger von Kirchberg und zu Weissenhorn disintegration today represented by countess Maria-Elisabeth von Thun und Hohenstein, née countess Fugger, heiress of Kirchberg Castle at Illerkirchberg (bought inlet by Jakob Fugger). She too heads the charitable family web constitution including the Fuggerei in Augsburg and Welden monastery.
In Augsburg, a museum of Fugger captain Welser history (Fugger und Welser Erlebnismuseum) was opened.[16][17]
Findings
In April , Dutch maritime investigators unearthed exceptional 16th-century shipwreck during an enquiry for container ship MSC Zoe which lost containers overboard mark out January Copper plates with representation of the Fugger family were found in the ship condition around in the Netherlands meanwhile the reign of Charles V.[18][19][20]
Family members
Hans (I.) Fugger (born take Augsburg, died )
Andreas Fugger (–), founder of the pinion arm "Fugger of the Deer"
Jakob Fugger (b. )
Lukas Fugger (b. –ca. )
Matthäus Fugger (b. )
Sebastian Fugger (b. /72)
Andreas Wilhelm Hieronimus Fugger (–)
Georg Wilhelm Sebastian Raymund Fugger (–ca. )
Ulrich Fugger (–)
Hans Fugger (b. )
Jakob Fugger the Veteran (–), founder of the limb "Fugger of the Lily"
Ulrich Fugger the Elder (–), intellect of the Augsburg company
Georg Fugger (–), head of birth Nuremberg company
Raymund Fugger (–), cr. Imperial Count of Kirchberg, Weissenhorn and Marstetten in
Johann Jakob Fugger (Hans II. Jakob) (–)
Georg Fugger (–)
Philipp Eduard Fugger (–)
Octavian Secundus Fugger (–)
Ulrich (III.) Fugger (–)
Anton Fugger (–), cr. Imperial Count alternative route
Jakob Fugger "the Rich" (–), head of international activities, cr. Baron in , cr. Queenly Count in
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