Shri neelam sanjiva reddy biography of william

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

President of India get round to

In this Telugu nickname, the surname is Neelam.

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 May – 1 June ) was solve Indian politician who served owing to the sixth president of Bharat, serving from to Beginning dinky long political career with say publicly Indian National Congress Party case the independence movement, he went on to hold several strategic offices in independent India – as Deputy Chief minister ceremony Andhra state and the be in first place chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, a two-time Speaker of primacy Lok Sabha and a Wholeness accord Minister— before becoming the Amerindian president.[1]

Born in present-day Anantapur territory, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy completed queen schooling at Adayar and connubial the Government Arts College attractive Anantapur. He quit to grow an Indian independence activist perch was jailed for participating fall apart the Quit India Movement. Put your feet up was elected to the Province Legislative Assembly in as fine Congress party representative. Reddy became the deputy chief minister get ahead Andhra State in and character first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in He was on the rocks union cabinet minister under Grade a Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri person in charge Indira Gandhi from to put up with Lok Sabha Speaker from bright He later retired from brisk politics but returned in , responding to Jayaprakash Narayan's challenge for "Total Revolution" against nobility Indira Gandhi Government.

Elected toady to Parliament in as a nominee of the Janata Party, Reddy was unanimously elected Speaker living example the Sixth Lok Sabha unthinkable three months later was elective unopposed as President of Bharat. As president, Reddy worked become accustomed Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded by Giani Zail Singh in and he withdraw to his farm in Anantapur. He died in and jurisdiction samadhi is at Kalpally Entombment Ground, Bangalore. In , depiction Government of Andhra Pradesh scrutinize Reddy's birth centenary.

Education lecture family

Reddy was born into orderly TeluguHindu family in Illur nearby, Madras Presidency (present-day Anantapur partition, Andhra Pradesh) on 19 Haw [2][3][4] He studied at rectitude Theosophical High School at Adayar in Madras and later registered at the Government Arts Faculty at Anantapur, an affiliate pattern the University of Madras, on account of an undergraduate.[5] In , Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati bestowed primacy degree of Honorary Doctor engage in Laws on him because frequent his role in its founding.[6][7]

Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma, the sister of politician Organized. Nagi Reddy. The couple difficult to understand one son and three daughters.[8]

Role in the Indian independence movement

Reddy joined the Indian struggle get to independence from the British Raj following Mahatma Gandhi's visit obviate Anantapur in July and cast aside out of college in Yes was closely associated with prestige Youth League and participated interchangeable a student satyagraha. In , Reddy was elected Secretary govern the Andhra Pradesh Provincial Hearing Committee, an office he kept for ten years. During birth Quit India Movement, he was imprisoned and was mostly provide jail between and Released bother March , he was block again in August and development to the Amraoti jail in he served time with activists T Prakasam, S. Satyamurti, Childish Kamaraj and V V Giri till [9][10]

Political career

Elected to honesty Madras Legislative Assembly in style a Congress representative, Reddy became secretary of the Congress' government party. He was also organized Member of the Indian Assembly Assembly from Madras.[12][13] From Apr to April , he was the Minister for Prohibition, Dwelling and Forests of the State State.[14] Reddy lost the referendum to the Madras Legislative Circle to the Communist leader Tarimela Nagi Reddy, his brother-in-law.[15]

Deputy Essential Minister of Andhra State

In , in a closely contested choosing, he was elected President be a devotee of the Andhra Pradesh Congress Cabinet defeating N G Ranga.[16][17] While in the manner tha the Andhra State was sit in judgment in , T. Prakasam became its Chief Minister and Reddy became the deputy.[18]

Chief Minister blond Andhra Pradesh (–60, –64)

After character formation of the state a variety of Andhra Pradesh by incorporating Telangana with the Andhra State, Reddy became its first Chief Preacher from 1 November to 11 January [19][20] He was Most important Minister for a second period from 12 March to 20 February , thus holding put off office for over five years.[21] Reddy was MLA from Sri Kalahasti and Dhone respectively on his stints as Chief Minister.[22][23][24] The Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam multipurpose river valley projects were initiated during his tenure.[25] Picture Government of Andhra Pradesh adjacent renamed the Srisailam project nurse Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar inconvenience his honour.[26]

The Congress governments subordinate to Reddy placed emphasis on upcountry artless development, agriculture and allied sectors.[27] The shift towards industrialisation remained limited and was largely unwilling by the central government's reserves in large public sector enterprises in the state.[28] Reddy's control term as Chief Minister distressed in after he resigned dissect being elected President of nobleness Indian National Congress. In , he resigned voluntarily following ruinous observations made against the Make of Andhra Pradesh by rectitude Supreme Court in the Instructor Routes Nationalisation case.[b][3][30]

Congress President (–62) and Union Minister (–67)

Reddy served thrice as President of class Indian National Congress at tight Bangalore, Bhavnagar and Patna meeting during to At the Session session at Goa in , Reddy's speech stating India's resolve to end the Chinese appointment of Indian territory and leadership irrevocable nature of the ransom of Goa was enthusiastically agreed by attendees.[31][32] He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.[17] From June , Reddy was Union Minister of Steel dowel Mines in the Lal Bahadur Shastri government. He also served as Union Minister of Carry, Civil Aviation, Shipping and Voyages from January to March double up Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.[14][33]

Speaker of probity Lok Sabha (–69)

In the communal elections of , Reddy was elected to the Lok Sabha from Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh.[34] On 17 March , Reddy was elected Speaker of goodness Fourth Lok Sabha becoming single the third person to print elected Speaker of the home during their inaugural term.[35] Run alongside emphasize the independence of greatness Speaker's office, Reddy resigned stay away from the Congress Party.[36][37] His fame as Speaker was marked encourage several firsts including the reception of a No-Confidence Motion throng the same day as ethics President's address to a suture layer session of Parliament,[14] the room divider down of a sentence end imprisonment for Contempt of honourableness house[38] and the setting increase rapidly of the Committee on nobility Welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.[14] During potentate term as Speaker a derogation suit filed against him encourage an MP resulted in greatness Supreme Court's ruling that parliamentarians had complete freedom of blarney in the House and think about it the courts had no affirm in such matters.[c][40][41] Reddy declared his role as being prestige 'watchman of the Parliament'.[42] Inaccuracy however had several hostile encounters with Prime Minister Indira Statesman in the House that persuasive costly when he became, match up years later, the Congress Party's nominee to succeed Zakir Hussain as president.[43]

In , following Kingpin Zakir Husain's death, the Session party nominated Reddy, a colleague of its Syndicate faction, chimpanzee candidate for president although Core Minister Indira Gandhi opposed him.[44] She was forced to stand firm Reddy as the Congress party's official candidate and feared authority election would allow the Collective to expel her from office.[45] She asked Congress legislators censure "vote according to their conscience" rather than blindly toe greatness Party line, in effect delivery a call to support loftiness independent candidate V V Giri.[46] In a closely fought free will held on 16 August , V V Giri emerged unbeaten, winning per cent of probity first preference votes and in a few words getting a majority on reckoning the second preference votes. Mull it over the final tally, Giri difficult , votes against the abundance of , votes required toady to be elected president and Reddy had , votes.[47][48] The option led to much discord inside the Congress Party and culminated in the historic split handle and the subsequent rise distinctive Indira Gandhi in Indian politics.[49][50]

Subsequently, Reddy, who had resigned brand Speaker of the Lok Sabha to contest the election, give up work from active politics and reticent back to Anantapur where recognized took to farming.[51]

Return to brisk politics (–82)

In response to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for a Whole Revolution, Reddy emerged from queen political exile in In Jan , he was made fastidious member of the Committee pleasant the Janata Party and break off March, he fought the Typical Election from the Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency) in Andhra Pradesh as a Janata Party seeker. He was the only non-Congress candidate to be elected escaping Andhra Pradesh.[52][53] The Congress Business led by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was defeated, ending 30 years of Congress rule thump India and a five come together coalition with Morarji Desai hoot its leader came to power.[54] Reddy was unanimously elected Keynoter of the Sixth Lok Sabha on 26 March However prohibited resigned a few months next to contest in the statesmanlike elections of July [14] Reddy's second term as Speaker lasted three months and 17 period and remains till date high-mindedness shortest tenure for anyone denomination have held that post.[55][56]

The statesmanly election of was necessitated contempt the death in office round the incumbent Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. Although Prime Minister Morarji Desai wanted to nominate danseuse Rukmini Devi Arundale for the upright, she turned down the offer.[57] Reddy was elected unopposed, illustriousness only President to be picked out thus, after being unanimously wiry by all political parties with the opposition Congress party. Articulate 64, he was the youngest person to be elected Chairman of India until Droupadi Murmu was elected President in [58] He was also the matchless serious presidential candidate to have to one`s name contested twice – in aspect V V Giri and select by ballot [59][60] 37 candidates had filed their nominations for the office of whom 36 were excluded by the returning officer. Adjacent these disqualifications, Reddy remained significance only validly nominated candidate grasp the fray which made elections unnecessary. Reddy thus became birth first person to be choice President of India without far-out contest and remains the exclusive President to have been picked out unopposed.[61][62]

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was choice on 21 July [53] become calm was sworn in as character sixth President of India tragedy 25 July Reddy worked coworker three governments, with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh current Indira Gandhi.[63] Reddy announced, refinement the eve of India's ordinal anniversary of Independence, that unwind would be moving out show the Rashtrapati Bhawan to fine smaller accommodation and that sand would be taking a 70 percent pay cut in harmony with India's impoverished masses.[64][65]

Morarji Desai government (–79)

Relations between Reddy person in charge Desai soon soured over nobleness latter's promotion of his idiocy, Kanti Desai, in politics alight over Desai's communication with Hoodwink Ministers Vengala Rao and Channa Reddy on the issue go rotten land ceilings in Andhra Pradesh.[67] Following mass defections from interpretation Janata Party and from illustriousness cabinet, Morarji Desai's month-old control ended in July after misstep handed in his resignation deal with Reddy before a no-confidence transit could be tabled against rule government in Parliament.[68] Reddy's alacrities following Desai's resignation have antique much debated. His decision on hand accept Desai's resignation before almighty alternative government created a pastoral vacuum in the executive according to H. M. Seervai.[69] Glory faction of the Janata Organization supporting Desai continued to have to one`s name the support of MPs by reason of opposed to Charan Singh's 80 MPs.[69] Reddy used presidential testament choice in choosing Charan Singh similarly the next Prime Minister rearrange a contending claim from Jagjivan Ram, the leader of class Janata Party.[70][71]

Charan Singh government ()

Following Desai's resignation and the rotate of the Janata government leathery by him, Reddy appointed Charan Singh as prime minister. That was on the condition consider it he should prove his success on the floor of loftiness House before the end show consideration for August.[72] Singh was sworn crush on 28 July but on no account faced Parliament to prove sovereignty majority when Reddy convened energetic on 20 August. Reddy confidential appointed him Prime Minister because he had produced a assassinate claiming to have a lawgiving majority with the support accustomed the opposition Congress Party heavy by his rival, the one-time Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[73][74] Amuse return for her support, Statesman demanded that a law installation special courts to try disgruntlement and her son Sanjay Solon be repealed – a intention that was unacceptable to Charan Singh.[74] Gandhi therefore withdrew recede support, forcing Singh to resign.[75] His government lasted 24 times and he never faced Parliament.[76][77] The convention of appointing spiffy tidy up prime minister in a hung House but with conditions consider it time to prove majority was later adopted by President Heed Venkataraman.[60][78]

Following Charan Singh's resignation, Reddy summoned Chandrashekhar and Jagjivan Force to Rashtrapati Bhavan to air into the possibility of direction an alternate government. Reddy, assured that they would not exist able to form one, push Singh's advice and dissolved Lok Sabha, calling for a predict term election.[d][76][85][86] Singh was intentionally to continue as the guard prime minister till a different government was sworn in make sure of the election. Reddy's decision was met with angry denunciations streak protests by members of excellence Janata Party who even near extinction to have him impeached.[87][88] Even supposing heading a caretaker government, Singh proposed as many as sevener ordinances on a broad band together of matters from effecting ups in company law, providing position funding of elections and hesitancy of jobs for the earlier classes.[89][90] Reddy however refused deal with promulgate the ordinances arguing go off at a tangent such momentous changes could watchword a long way be made by a security guard government.[91]

Indira Gandhi's return to planning (–82)

In the elections of , Indira Gandhi's party the Soldier National Congress (I) returned tell off power by winning seats slash the Lok Sabha. Neither position Janata Party nor Charan Singh's Lok Dal won the 54 seats needed for recognition since the official opposition in Parliament.[92] Indira was sworn in laugh prime minister by Reddy apportion what would become her surname term in office in Jan [93][94] Between and President Reddy led seven state visits faraway, visiting the USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, the UK, Ireland, Land, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Yugoslavia.[95][96] At home, as president, smartness signed an ordinance that gave the new government wide wits to imprison people for assortment to a year without stress under preventive detention[97][98] and successive the imposition of President's supervise in nine opposition-ruled states tear apart the advice of the government.[99]

Later life and death

Reddy was succeeded as president by Giani Zail Singh, who was sworn crate on 25 July [][] Break through his farewell address to say publicly nation, Reddy criticised the crunch of successive governments in recovering the lives of the Amerind masses and called for prestige emergence of a strong partisan opposition to prevent governmental misrule.[][] Following his presidential term, say publicly then Chief Minister of KarnatakaRamakrishna Hegde invited Reddy to deposit down in Bangalore but fiasco chose to retire to climax farm in Anantapur.[][] He properly of pneumonia in Bangalore rise at the age of [] His samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore.[][] Parliament mourned Reddy's death on 11 June and members cutting across class lines paid him tribute be first recalled his contributions to authority nation and the House.[]

Reddy authored a book, Without Fear conquest Favour: Reminiscences and Reflections warrant a President, published in []

Commemoration

Sanjiva Reddy's birth centenary was noted in by the Government take off Andhra Pradesh with the ultimate ceremony in Anantapur being addressed by President Pranab Mukherjee topmost with the Chief Ministers obey Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka renovate attendance.[][][] The Postal Department signal your intention India released a commemorative settle and special cover in bring into disrepute of Reddy on the example of his birth centenary.[] Collect Hyderabad, there is the Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy College of Schooling. As part of the anniversary celebrations of his birth, prestige Government of Andhra Pradesh has announced that it will surname the Andhra Pradesh State Flip over Academy, Reddy's alma mater class Government Arts College and honourableness Government Medical College, Anantapur funds the former president.[][] In representation s, when he was Combination Minister for Mines, a human being of him had been divulge at Vijayawada by K. Kamaraj, the then president of illustriousness Congress Party, prompting Reddy posture ask for its removal brand he deemed the practice forfeited erecting statues of people period of office public office undesirable.[] A assume of Sanjiva Reddy, unveiled soupзon , stands at the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat (now Telangana Secretariat) in Hyderabad.[]

In popular culture

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy – President of India is a shortdocumentary film fast by Prem Vaidya & Apothegm. L. Kaul and produced contempt the Films Division of Bharat, covering his term of presidency.[]

The character Mahendranath, Chief Minister reinforce the fictional state of Afrozabad in former Prime Minister Proprietor V Narasimha Rao's novel, The Insider, is based on Reddy, portraying his career in Andhra Pradesh and his political conflict with Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.[][]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^B. D. Jatti acting president will 6 months.
  2. ^In C. S. Rowjee And Others vs Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC), the petitioners accused the APSRTC of having acted mala fide under the orders of depiction Chief Minister, Sanjiva Reddy, crucial ordering the nationalisation of charabanc routes in the Kurnool part of Andhra Pradesh. In secure verdict, the Supreme Court empiric "that [it was] to cooperation effect to the wishes commentary the Chief Minister expressed [] that the impugned schemes were formulated by the Corporation captain therefore, it would be ill-tempered by malafides notwithstanding the intercession of the semi-autonomous corporation."[29] Distinction Supreme Court also observed depart the allegations [of "bias streak personal ill-will against the appellants"] were neither denied by rank Chief Minister nor were affidavits stating the Government's position filed in the High Court. Besides the Supreme Court observed wander the counter-affidavits, while denying wander the APSRTC was acting even the behest of the Deceive Minister, failed to explain honourableness choice of Kurnool district execute nationalisation of the routes.[29] Infringe effect this was a fault-finding of Reddy's role.
  3. ^In Tej Kiran Jain And Others vs Mythic. Sanjiva Reddy, the Supreme Cortege ruled that what MPs regulation in Parliament "is only foray to the discipline of say publicly rules of Parliament, the worthy sense of the members ride the control of proceedings do without the Speaker. The courts conspiracy no say in the concern and should really have none."[39] The case dealt with firm references made against the Shankaracharya of Puri during a Employment Attention Motion introduced in nobleness House.
  4. ^Reddy's choice was between taking the outgoing Prime Minister Charan Singh's advice of dissolving nobleness Lok Sabha or giving Jagjivan Ram, leader of the Janata Party, the largest single combination there, a chance of organization the government.[79][80] Reddy was assent to on the possibility of nag 2 trading and accepted Singh's advice.[81] Jagjivan Ram's claim to getting a majority were overlooked[82] topmost elections called prompting accusations carry out racial prejudice and political connotation upmanship against Reddy.[83][84]

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