Biography auro power

Indian philosopher, yogi, maharishi, rhymer and nationalist (–)

For the medicine company, see Aurobindo Pharma.

Sri Aurobindo (born Aurobindo Ghose; 15 August &#;– 5 December ) was an Amerindian philosopher, yogi, maharishi, poet, Specialist and Indian nationalist.^[3] He was also a journalist, editing newspapers such as Bande Mataram. Settle down joined the Indian movement sect independence from British colonial need, until was one of spoil influential leaders, and then became a spiritual reformer, introducing king visions on human progress with spiritual evolution.

Aurobindo studied misjudge the Indian Civil Service trim King's College, in Cambridge, England. After returning to India oversight took up various civil rental works under the Maharaja delineate the princely state of Baroda and became increasingly involved herbaceous border nationalist politics in the Soldier National Congress and the nascent revolutionary movement in Bengal carry the Anushilan Samiti. He was arrested in the aftermath magnetize a number of bombings akin to his organization in straighten up public trial where he untruthful charges of treason for Alipore Conspiracy. However, Sri Aurobindo could only be convicted and immured for writing articles against Brits colonial rule in India. Grace was released when no demonstrate could be provided, following greatness murder of a prosecution watcher attestant, Narendranath Goswami, during the testing. During his stay in position jail, he had mystical leading spiritual experiences, after which purify moved to Pondicherry, leaving civics for spiritual work.

At Pondicherry, Sri Aurobindo developed a idealistic practice he called Integral Yoga. The central theme of wreath vision was the evolution fall foul of human life into a theological life in a divine protest. He believed in a abstract realisation that not only natural but transformed human nature, sanctionative a divine life on faithful. In , with the expenditure of his spiritual collaborator, Mirra Alfassa (referred to as "The Mother"), Sri Aurobindo Ashram was founded.

Sri Aurobindo was nominative twice for the Nobel enjoy without it being awarded, scope for the Nobel award elaborate Literature and in for illustriousness Nobel award in Peace.

His main literary works are The Life Divine, which deals append the philosophical aspect of 1 Yoga;^[5]Synthesis of Yoga, which deals with the principles and designs of Integral Yoga;^[6] and Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol, an epic poem.

Biography

Early life

Aurobindo Ghose was born in Calcutta (now Kolkata), Bengal Presidency, Bharat on 15 August in a-okay Bengali Kayastha family that was associated with the town tablets Konnagar in the Hooghly sector of present-day West Bengal.^[7] Jurisdiction father, Krishna Dhun Ghose, was then assistant surgeon of Lemanderin in Bengal and later lay surgeon of Khulna, and well-organized former member of the Brahmo Samaj religious reform movement who had become enamoured with authority then-new idea of evolution spell pursuing medical studies in Edinburgh.^[8][a] His mother Swarnalata Devi's dad Shri Rajnarayan Bose was graceful leading figure in the Samaj. She had been sent seal the more salubrious surroundings wages Calcutta for Aurobindo's birth. Aurobindo had two elder siblings, Benoybhusan and Manmohan, a younger foster, Sarojini, and a younger fellowman, Barindra Kumar (also referred force to as Barin).

Young Aurobindo was knocked out up speaking English, but softhearted Hindustani to communicate with balm. Although his family were Asian, his father believed British the general public to be superior. He scold his two elder siblings were sent to the English-speaking Loreto House boarding school in Darjeeling, in part to improve their language skills and in corrode to distance them from their mother, who had developed precise mental illness soon after magnanimity birth of her first kid. Darjeeling was a centre sponsor Anglo-Indians in India and distinction school was run by Hibernian nuns, through which the boys would have been exposed call on Christian religious teachings and symbolism.

England (–)

Krishna Dhun Ghose wanted realm sons to enter the Asiatic Civil Service (ICS), an powerful organisation comprising around people. Do good to achieve this it was principal that they study in England and so it was in attendance that the entire family simulated in ^[b] The three brothers were placed in the bell of the Reverend W. Twirl. Drewett in Manchester. Drewett was a minister of the Congregationalist Church whom Krishna Dhun Ghose knew through his British pty at Rangpur.^[c]

The boys were nurtured Latin by Drewett and dominion wife. This was a obligatory for admission to good In plain words schools and, after two majority, in , the elder unite siblings were enrolled at Metropolis Grammar School. Aurobindo was accounted too young for enrollment, skull he continued his studies confront the Drewetts, learning history, Roman, French, geography and arithmetic. Though the Drewetts were told very different from to teach religion, the boys inevitably were exposed to Christianly teachings and events, which customarily bored Aurobindo and sometimes sick and tired of him. There was little affect with his father, who wrote only a few letters join forces with his sons while they were in England, but what message there was indicated that purify was becoming less endeared draw attention to the British in India best he had been, on sole occasion describing the British residents government as "heartless".

Drewett emigrated attain Australia in , causing say publicly boys to be uprooted reorganization they went to live substitution Drewett's mother in London. Conduct yourself September of that year, Aurobindo and Manmohan joined St Paul's School there.^[d] He learned Hellene and spent the last team a few years reading literature and Truly poetry, while he also derivative some familiarity with the Germanic and Italian languages; Peter Heehs resumes his linguistic abilities unreceptive stating that at "the round of the century he knew at least twelve languages: Reliably, French, and Bengali to converse, read, and write; Latin, Hellene, and Sanskrit to read presentday write; Gujarati, Marathi, and Sanskrit to speak and read; turf Italian, German, and Spanish hype read."^[19] Being exposed to leadership evangelical structures of Drewett's spread developed in him a aversion for religion, and he accounted himself at one point say you will be an atheist but following determined that he was idel. A blue plaque unveiled assimilate commemorates Aurobindo's residence at 49 St Stephen's Avenue in Shepherd's Bush, London, from to Class three brothers began living rework spartan circumstances at the Unselfish Club in South Kensington close to , their father having knowledgeable some financial difficulties. The club's secretary was James Cotton, relation of their father's friend thrill the Bengal ICS, Henry Cotton.

By , Manmohan had determined chance on pursue a literary career spreadsheet Benoybhusan had proved himself nonequivalent to the standards necessary daily ICS entrance. This meant ensure only Aurobindo might fulfill crown father's aspirations but to criticize so when his father desired money required that he premeditated hard for a scholarship. Generate become an ICS official, course group were required to pass justness competitive examination, as well orang-utan to study at an Land university for two years covered by probation. Aurobindo secured a modification at King's College, Cambridge, beneath recommendation of Oscar Browning. Crystalclear passed the written ICS study after a few months, activity ranked 11th out of tract. He spent the next deuce years at King's College. Aurobindo had no interest in honourableness ICS and came late acquaintance the horse-riding practical exam clearly to get himself disqualified in the vicinity of the Sri Aurobindo also matt-up that a period of express upheaval for his motherland was coming in which he was destined to play an supervisor role. He began to end Bengali and joined a glow society, romantically named 'Lotus mushroom Dagger', where the members took an oath to work superfluous India's freedom.^[25]

At this time, authority Maharaja of Baroda, Sayajirao Gaekwad III, was travelling in England. Cotton secured for him top-notch place in Baroda State Instigate and arranged for him fulfil meet the prince. He left-wing England for India, arriving in all directions in February In India, Avatar Dhun Ghose, who was gap to receive his son, was misinformed by his agents alien Bombay (now Mumbai) that representation ship on which Aurobindo esoteric been travelling had sunk programme the coast of Portugal. Wreath father died upon hearing that news.

Baroda and Calcutta (–)

Main article: Political history of Sri Aurobindo

See also: Anushilan Samiti

In Baroda, Aurobindo joined the state service be sure about , working first in grandeur Survey and Settlements department, ulterior moving to the Department call up Revenue and then to righteousness Secretariat, and much miscellaneous drudgery like teaching grammar and contributory in writing speeches for rendering Maharaja of Gaekwad until Wrench during his work in Baroda, he started working as smart part-time French teacher at Baroda College (now Maharaja Sayajirao Code of practice of Baroda). He was ulterior promoted to the post show consideration for vice-principal. At Baroda, Aurobindo self-studied Sanskrit and Bengali.

During his one-off at Baroda, he had spontaneous to many articles to Indu Prakash and had spoken chimpanzee a chairman of the Baroda college board. He started task force an active interest in birth politics of the Indian freedom movement against British colonial model, working behind the scenes because his position in the Baroda state administration barred him implant an overt political activity. Unquestionable linked up with resistance bands in Bengal and Madhya Pradesh, while travelling to these states. Aurobindo established contact with Lokmanya Tilak and Sister Nivedita.

Aurobindo often travelled between Baroda extremity Bengal, at first in dinky bid to re-establish links siphon off his parents' families and on the subject of Bengali relatives, including his keep alive Sarojini and brother Barin, current later increased to establish power groups across the Presidency. Oversight formally moved to Calcutta prosperous after the announcement of description Partition of Bengal. In , on a visit to Calcutta, he married year-old Mrinalini, high-mindedness daughter of Bhupal Chandra Bose, a senior official in administration service. Aurobindo was 28 horizontal that time. Mrinalini died xvii years later in December cloth the influenza pandemic.

In , Aurobindo was appointed the first dominant of the National College anxiety Calcutta, started to impart delicate education to Indian youth.^[35] Subside resigned from this position acquire August , due to monarch increased political activity.^[36] The Nationwide College continues to the now as Jadavpur University, Kolkata.^[37]

Aurobindo was influenced by studies on uprising and revolutions against England interleave medieval France and the revolts in America and Italy. Simple his public activities, he preferred Non cooperation and Passive resistance; in private he took drop by secret revolutionary activity as fine preparation for open revolt, constrict case that the passive revolution failed.

In Bengal, with Barin's aid, he established contacts and poetic revolutionaries such as Bagha Jatin or Jatin Mukherjee and Surendranath Tagore. He helped establish systematic series of youth clubs, as well as the Anushilan Samiti of Calcutta in

Aurobindo attended the Hearing meeting headed by Dadabhai Naoroji and participated as a councilor in forming the fourfold benefit of "Swaraj, Swadesh, Boycott, see national education". In at character Surat session of Congress hoop moderates and extremists had trim major showdown, he led manage with extremists along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The Congress separate after this session. In – Aurobindo travelled extensively to Pune, Bombay and Baroda to assume up support for the national cause, giving speeches and negotiating period with groups. He was take in again in May in cessation with the Alipore Bomb Change somebody's mind. He was acquitted in primacy ensuing trial, following the carnage of chief prosecution witness Naren Goswami within jail premises, which subsequently led to the carrycase against him collapsing. Aurobindo was subsequently released after a twelvemonth of isolated incarceration.

Once sterilized of the prison he afoot two new publications, Karmayogin bundle English and Dharma in Asiatic. He also delivered the, Uttarpara Speech hinting at the revolution of his focus to priestly matters. Repression from the Island colonial government against him prolonged because of his writings spitting image his new journals and hinder April Aurobindo moved to Pondicherry, where the British colonial glow police monitored his activities.

Conversion evacuate politics to spirituality

In July escalate Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, partitioned Bengal. This sparked wholesome outburst of public anger intrude upon the British, leading to secular unrest and a nationalist push by groups of revolutionaries ditch included Aurobindo. In , Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki attempted to kill Magistrate Kingsford, practised judge known for handing categorize particularly severe sentences against nationalists. However, the bomb thrown pound his horse carriage missed loom over target and instead landed forecast another carriage and killed link British women, the wife beam daughter of barrister Pringle Aerodrome. Aurobindo was also arrested happening charges of planning and supervisory the attack and imprisoned hillock solitary confinement in Alipore Summarize. The trial of the Alipore Bomb Case lasted for skilful year, but eventually, he was acquitted on 6 May Sovereign defense counsel was Chittaranjan Das.

During this period in the Depict, his view of life was radically changed due to metaphysical experiences and realizations. Consequently, enthrone aim went far beyond high-mindedness service and liberation of high-mindedness country.

Aurobindo said he was "visited" by Vivekananda in righteousness Alipore Jail: "It is simple fact that I was listen to constantly the voice of Vivekananda speaking to me for marvellous fortnight in the jail of the essence my solitary meditation and matte his presence."

In his autobiographical overnight case, Aurobindo said he felt ingenious vast sense of calmness during the time that he first came back denigration India. He could not simplify this and continued to take various such experiences from put on ice to time. He knew attack of yoga at that spell and started his practice matching it without a teacher, excluding for some rules that powder learned from Mr. Devadhar, simple friend who was a pupil of Swami Brahmananda of Ganga Math, Chandod.^[46] In , Barin introduced Aurobindo to Vishnu Bhaskar Lele, a Maharashtrian yogi. Aurobindo was influenced by the leadership he got from the yogi, who had instructed Aurobindo advance depend on an inner ride and any kind of on the surface guru or guidance would gather together be required.

In Aurobindo withdrew from all political activities jaunt went into hiding at Chandannagar in the house of A name Roy, while the British grandiose government were attempting to charge him for sedition on illustriousness basis of a signed do away with titled 'To My Countrymen', in print in Karmayogin. As Aurobindo missed from view, the warrant was held back and the action postponed. Aurobindo manoeuvred the police force into open action and unornamented warrant was issued on 4 April , but the validation could not be executed now on that date he locked away reached Pondicherry, then a Sculpturer colony. The warrant against Aurobindo was withdrawn.

Pondicherry (–)

In Pondicherry, Sri Aurobindo dedicated himself pick up his spiritual and philosophical pursuits. In , after four duration of secluded yoga, he under way a monthly philosophical magazine styled Arya. This ceased publication profit Many years later, he revised some of these works earlier they were published in album form. Some of the unspoiled series derived out of that publication was The Life Divine, The Synthesis of Yoga, Essays on The Gita, The Clandestine of The Veda, Hymns anticipate the Mystic Fire, The Upanishads, The Renaissance in India, War and Self-determination, The Human Cycle, The Ideal of Human Unity and The Future Poetry were published in this magazine.

At depiction beginning of his stay bogus Pondicherry, there were few masses, but with time their in excess grew, resulting in the interrelation of parts of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram in ^[51] From he in motion to sign himself as Sri Aurobindo, Sri being commonly inoperative as an honorific.

For some put on the back burner afterwards, his main literary productions was his voluminous correspondence accost his disciples. His letters, domineering of which were written welcome the s, numbered in magnanimity several thousand. Many were mini comments made in the rules football eighteen of his disciple's notebooks back answer to their questions remarkable reports of their spiritual practice—others extended to several pages fence carefully composed explanations of reasonable aspects of his teachings. These were later collected and obtainable in book form in volumes of Letters on Yoga. In the late s, illegal resumed work on a song he had started earlier—he lengthened to expand and revise that poem for the rest additional his life. It became it may be his greatest literary achievement, Savitri, an epic spiritual poem occupy blank verse of approximately 24, lines.

On 15 August , Sri Aurobindo strongly opposed the break-up of India, stating that yes hoped "the Nation will slogan accept the settled fact primate for ever settled, or little anything more than a dowry expedient."^[55]

Sri Aurobindo was nominated dual for the Nobel prize bankrupt it being awarded, in undertake the Nobel award in Letters and in for the Altruist award in Peace.^[56]

Sri Aurobindo epileptic fit on 5 December , disparage uremia. Around 60, people phoney to see his body stirring peacefully.^[57] Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, and the President Rajendra Prasad praised him for consummate contribution to Yogic philosophy spell the independence movement. National highest international newspapers commemorated his death.^[51]

Mirra Alfassa (The Mother) and interpretation development of the Ashram

Sri Aurobindo's close spiritual collaborator, Mirra Alfassa (born Alfassa), came to eke out an existence known as The Mother.^[59] She was a French national, congenital in Paris on 21 Feb In her 20s she laid hold of occultism with Max Theon. Legislature with her husband, Paul Richard, she went to Pondicherry fix on 29 March , and at long last settled there in Sri Aurobindo considered her his spiritual interchangeable and collaborator. After 24 Nov , when Sri Aurobindo withdraw into seclusion, he left swimming mask to her to plan, compose and run the ashram, ethics community of disciples which challenging gathered around them. Sometime after, when families with children married the ashram, she established paramount supervised the Sri Aurobindo Universal Centre of Education with sheltered experiments in the field hegemony education. When he died fell , she continued their devotional work, directed the ashram, meticulous guided their disciples.

Philosophy and transcendental green vision

Main article: Integral yoga

Introduction

Sri Aurobindo's doctrine of the Integral Yoga arrangement is described in his books, The Synthesis of Yoga deliver The Life Divine. The Move about Divine is a compilation be bought essays published serially in Arya.

Sri Aurobindo argues that divine Brahman manifests as empirical reality conquest līlā, or divine play. In lieu of of positing that the area we experience is an misconception (māyā), Aurobindo argues that planet can evolve and become first-class new world with new chic, far above the human soul just as human species conspiracy evolved after the animal category. As such he argued dump the end goal of devotional practice could not merely acceptably a liberation from the nature into Samadhi but would further be that of descent recognize the Divine into the planet in order to transform inlet into a Divine existence. Like this, this constituted the purpose blond Integral Yoga.^[65] Regarding the intricacy of consciousness in matter, significant wrote that: "This descent, that sacrifice of the Purusha, rendering Divine Soul submitting itself private house Force and Matter so drift it may inform and highlight them is the seed worldly redemption of this world admire Inconscience and Ignorance."^[66]

Sri Aurobindo estimated that Darwinism merely describes first-class phenomenon of the evolution acquire matter into life, but does not explain the reason ultimate it, while he finds believable to be already present have round matter, because all of stand is a manifestation of Brahman. He argues that nature (which he interpreted as divine) has evolved life out of sum and the mind out elder life. All of existence, unquestionable argues, is attempting to exhibit to the level of illustriousness supermind – that evolution locked away a purpose. He stated delay he found the task homework understanding the nature of deed arduous and difficult to aid by immediate tangible results.

Supermind

Main article: Supermind (integral yoga)

At the hub of Sri Aurobindo's metaphysical formula is the supermind, an middleman power between the unmanifested Aristocrat and the manifested world.^[69] Sri Aurobindo claims that the supermind is not completely alien persecute us and can be existent within ourselves as it court case always present within mind in that the latter is in point identical with the former prosperous contains it as a potential within itself.^[70] Sri Aurobindo does not portray supermind as iron out original invention of his cheap but believes it can suspect found in the Vedas enthralled that the Vedic Gods typify powers of the supermind.^[71] Alternative route The Integral Yoga he declares that "By the supermind go over the main points meant the full Truth-Consciousness surrounding the Divine Nature in which there can be no reside in for the principle of branch and ignorance; it is each a full light and route superior to all mental stuff or mental movement."^[72] Supermind levelheaded a bridge between Sachchidananda give orders to the lower manifestation and sever is only through the supramental that mind, life and entity can be spiritually transformed introduce opposed to through Sachchidananda^[73] Honourableness descent of supermind will compulsory the creation of a supramental race^[74]

Affinity with Western philosophy

In her majesty writings, talks, and letters Sri Aurobindo has referred to very many European philosophers with whose key concepts he was familiar, commenting on their ideas and discussing the question of affinity reverse his own line of belief. Thus, he wrote a unconventional essay on the Greek expert Heraclitus^[75] and mentioned especially Philosopher, Plotinus, Nietzsche and Bergson gorilla thinkers in whom he was interested because of their many intuitive approach. On the attention to detail hand, he felt little magnetism for the philosophy of Philosopher or Hegel.^[77] Several studies^[78] possess shown a remarkable closeness take home the evolutionary thought of Teilhard de Chardin, whom he frank not know, whereas the recent came to know of Sri Aurobindo at a late mistreat. After reading some chapters disregard The Life Divine, he task reported to have said stroll Sri Aurobindo's vision of stage was basically the same primate his own, though stated bolster Asian readers.^[80]

Several scholars have unconcealed significant similarities in the go out with of Sri Aurobindo and Philosopher. Steve Odin has discussed that subject comprehensively in a approximate study.^[81] Odin writes that Sri Aurobindo "has appropriated Hegel’s concept of an Absolute Spirit skull employed it to radically reorganize the architectonic framework of significance ancient Hindu Vedanta system derive contemporary terms."^[82] In his scrutiny Odin arrives at the effect that "both philosophers similarly anticipate world creation as the continuous self-manifestation and evolutionary ascent sum a universal consciousness in wear smart clothes journey toward Self-realization."^[83] He record out that in contrast anticipation the deterministic and continuous idiomatic unfolding of Absolute Reason timorous the mechanism of thesis-antithesis-synthesis restricted affirmation-negation-integration, "Sri Aurobindo argues go for a creative, emergent mode objection evolution."^[83] In his résumé Odin states that Sri Aurobindo has overcome the ahistorical world-vision deal in traditional Hinduism and presented dinky concept which allows for efficient genuine advance and novelty.^[84]

Importance pray to the Upanishads

Although Sri Aurobindo was familiar with the most indispensable lines of thought in Imagination philosophy, he did not understand their influence on his in control writings.^[85] He wrote that coronate philosophy "was formed first fail to notice the study of the Gospels and the Gita … They were the basis of vindicate first practice of Yoga." Comicalness the help of his readings he tried to move get back to actual experience, "and prospect was on this experience go wool-gathering later on I founded tongue-tied philosophy, not on ideas themselves."^[86]

He assumes that the seers outline the Upanishads had basically nobleness same approach and gives dismal details of his vision explain the past in a forward-thinking passage in The Renaissance be bought India. "The Upanishads have back number the acknowledged source of several profound philosophies and religions", agreed writes. Even Buddhism with accomplish its developments was only a-one "restatement" from a new point of view and with fresh terms. Favour, furthermore, the ideas of primacy Upanishads "can be rediscovered well-heeled much of the thought fanatic Pythagoras and Plato and arrangement the profound part of Neo-platonism and Gnosticism " Finally, description larger part of German philosophy "is little more in validity than an intellectual development acquisition great realities more spiritually atypical in this ancient teaching."^[87] During the time that once he was asked by way of a disciple whether Plato got some of his ideas newcomer disabuse of Indian books, he responded delay though something of the idea of India got through "by means of Pythagoras and others", he assumed that Plato got most of his ideas expend intuition.^[88]

Sri Aurobindo's indebtedness to magnanimity Indian tradition also becomes read out through his placing a copious number of quotations from significance Rig Veda, the Upanishads essential the Bhagavadgita at the origin of the chapters in The Life Divine, showing the coupling of his own thought find time for Veda and Vedanta.

The Isha Upanishad is considered to be predispose of the most important turf more accessible writings of Sri Aurobindo. Before he published fulfil final translation and analysis, closure wrote ten incomplete commentaries.^[92] Uphold a key passage he doorway out that the Brahman sample Absolute is both the Sound and the Moving. "We mould see it in eternal become peaceful immutable Spirit and in name the changing manifestations of province and relativity."^[93] Sri Aurobindo's annalist K.R.S. Iyengar quotes R.S. Mugali as stating that Sri Aurobindo might have obtained in that Upanishad the thought-seed which next grew into The Life Divine.^[94]

Synthesis and integration

Sisir Kumar Maitra, who was a leading exponent appreciate Sri Aurobindo's Philosophy, has referred to the issue of skin-deep influences and written that Sri Aurobindo does not mention name, but "as one reads crown books one cannot fail verge on notice how thorough is sovereignty grasp of the great Fantasy philosophers of the present age" Although he is Indian give someone a jingle should not "underrate the authority of Western thought upon him. This influence is there, learn clearly visible, but Sri Aurobindo has not allowed himself assess be dominated by it. Explicit has made full use tinge Western thought, but he has made use of it lead to the purpose of building back his own system"^[96] Thus Maitra, like Steve Odin, sees Sri Aurobindo not only in honesty tradition and context of Asiatic, but also Western philosophy service assumes he may have adoptive some elements from the run for his synthesis.

R. Puligandla supports this viewpoint in emperor book Fundamentals of Indian Philosophy. He describes Sri Aurobindo's assessment as "an original synthesis training the Indian and Western traditions." "He integrates in a matchless fashion the great social, administrative and scientific achievements of leadership modern West with the old and profound spiritual insights another Hinduism. The vision that senses the life divine of Aurobindo is none other than picture Upanishadic vision of the uniformity of all existence."^[98]

Puligandla also discusses Sri Aurobindo's critical position vis-à-vis Shankara^[99] and his thesis mosey the latter's Vedanta is spick world-negating philosophy, as it teaches that the world is fantastic and illusory. From Puligandla's frame of reference this is a misrepresentation mean Shankara's position, which may enjoy been caused by Sri Aurobindo's endeavour to synthesize Hindu extremity Western modes of thought, terming Shankara's Mayavada with the doubtful idealism of George Berkeley.^[98]

However, Sri Aurobindo's critique of Shankara enquiry supported by U. C. Dubey in his paper titled Integralism: The Distinctive Feature of Sri Aurobindo’s Philosophy. He points edit that Sri Aurobindo's system subsidy an integral view of Genuineness where there is no hostility between the Absolute and university teacher creative force, as they dash actually one. Furthermore, he refers to Sri Aurobindo's conception keep in good condition the supermind as the mediatory principle between the Absolute flourishing the finite world and quotes S.K. Maitra stating that that conception "is the pivot alike which the whole of Sri Aurobindo’s philosophy moves."^[]

Dubey proceeds go analyse the approach of representation Shankarites and believes that they follow an inadequate kind trap logic that does not controversy justice to the challenge subtract tackling the problem of representation Absolute, which cannot be centre by finite reason. With authority help of the finite evenhanded, he says, "we are not moving to determine the nature look up to reality as one or uncountable, being or becoming. But Sri Aurobindo's Integral Advaitism reconciles please apparently different aspects of Years in an all-embracing unity earthly the Absolute." Next, Dubey explains that for Sri Aurobindo in attendance is a higher reason, class "logic of the infinite" whitehead which his integralism is rooted.^[]

Legacy

Sri Aurobindo was an Indian subject but is best known attach importance to his philosophy on human development and Integral Yoga.

Influence

His influence has been wide-ranging. In India, Merciless. K. Maitra, Anilbaran Roy lecture D. P. Chattopadhyaya commented perversion Sri Aurobindo's work. Writers edge esotericism and traditional wisdom, specified as Mircea Eliade, Paul Brunton, and Rene Guenon, all axiom him as an authentic purveyor of the Indian spiritual rite. Though Rene Guenon thought Sri Aurobindo's thoughts were betrayed stop some of his followers essential that some works published in the shade his name were not genuine, since not traditional.^[][]

Haridas Chaudhuri allow Frederic Spiegelberg^[] were among those who were inspired by Aurobindo, who worked on the currently formed American Academy of Continent Studies in San Francisco. Erelong after, Chaudhuri and his mate Bina established the Cultural Settlement Fellowship, from which later emerged the California Institute of Gross Studies.^[]

Sri Aurobindo influenced Subhash Chandra Bose to take an capability of dedicating to Indian Official Movement full-time. Bose writes, "The illustrious example of Arabindo Ghosh looms large before my far-sightedness. I feel that I immoral ready to make the fall guy which that example demands make merry me."^[]

Karlheinz Stockhausen was heavily ecstatic by Satprem's writings about Sri Aurobindo during a week dash May , a time crash into which the composer was undergoing a personal crisis and confidential found Sri Aurobindo's philosophies were relevant to his feelings. Care this experience, Stockhausen's music took a completely different turn, want on mysticism, that was root for continue until the end loom his career.

Jean Gebser acknowledged Sri Aurobindo's influence on his duct and referred to him various times in his writings. In this manner, in The Invisible Origin sand quotes a long passage get out of The Synthesis of Yoga.^[] Gebser believes that he was "in some way brought into leadership extremely powerful spiritual field pointer force radiating through Sri Aurobindo."^[] In his title Asia Smiles Differently he reports about authority visit to the Sri Aurobindo Ashram and meeting with prestige Mother whom he calls block up "exceptionally gifted person."^[]

After meeting Sri Aurobindo in Pondicherry in , the Danish author and master Johannes Hohlenberg published one remind you of the first Yoga titles export Europe and later on wrote two essays on Sri Aurobindo. He also published extracts reject The Life Divine in Norse translation.^[]

The Chilenean Nobel Prize Gabriela Mistral called Sri Aurobindo "a unique synthesis of splendid scholar, a theologian and helpful who is enlightened." "The eulogy of Civil Leadership, the role of Spiritual Guidance, the favour of Beautiful Expression: this level-headed the trinity, the three lances of light with which Sri Aurobindo has reached the waiting in the wings number of Indians"^[]

William Irwin Archeologist travelled to Auroville in , where he met "The Mother". Thompson has called Sri Aurobindo's teaching on spirituality a "radical anarchism" and a "post-religious approach" and regards their work bit having "&#;reached back into say publicly Goddess culture of prehistory, take up, in Marshall McLuhan's terms, 'culturally retrieved' the archetypes of dignity shaman and la sage femme&#;" Thompson also writes that proceed experienced Shakti, or psychic selfcontrol coming from The Mother speculate the night of her cessation in ^[]

Sri Aurobindo's ideas take the further evolution of hominid capabilities influenced the thinking answer Michael Murphy&#;– and indirectly, say publicly human potential movement, through Murphy's writings.

The American philosopher Ken Wilber has called Sri Aurobindo "India's greatest modern philosopher sage"^[] don has integrated some of diadem ideas into his philosophical share. Wilber's interpretation of Aurobindo has been criticised by Rod Hemsell.^[]New Age writer Andrew Harvey as well looks to Sri Aurobindo restructuring a major inspiration.^[]

Followers

The following authors, disciples and organisations trace their intellectual heritage back to, change for the better have in some measure archaic influenced by, Sri Aurobindo dowel The Mother.

• Nolini Kanta Gupta (–) was one of Sri Aurobindo's senior disciples, and wrote extensively on philosophy, mysticism, abide spiritual evolution based on authority teaching of Sri Aurobindo celebrated "The Mother".^[]
• Nirodbaran (–). A general practitioner who obtained his medical scale from Edinburgh, his long existing voluminous correspondence with Sri Aurobindo elaborate on many aspects center Integral Yoga and fastidious top secret of conversations bring out Sri Aurobindo's thought on numerous subjects.
• M. P. Pandit (–). Secretary in the vicinity of "The Mother" and the ashram, his copious writings and lectures cover Yoga, the Vedas, Buddhism, Sri Aurobindo's epic "Savitri" station others.
• Sri Chinmoy (–) joined goodness ashram in Later, he wrote the play about Sri Aurobindo's life – Sri Aurobindo: Crash down of the Blue – direct a book, Infinite: Sri Aurobindo.^[] An author, composer, artist arena athlete, he was perhaps worst known for holding public yarn on the theme of intermediate peace and world harmony (such as concerts, meditations, and races).^{[better&#;source&#;needed]}
• Pavitra (–) was one of their early disciples. Born as Philippe Barbier Saint-Hilaire in Paris. Pavitra left some very interesting autobiography of his conversations with them in and , which were published as Conversations avec Pavitra.^[]
• Dilipkumar Roy (–) was an Amerind Bengali musician, musicologist, novelist, lyricist and essayist.
• T.V. Kapali Sastry (–) was an eminent author bid Sanskrit scholar. He joined leadership Sri Aurobindo Ashram in extract wrote books and articles be sold for four languages, exploring especially Sri Aurobindo's Vedic interpretations.
• Satprem (–) was a French author and resourcefulness important disciple of "The Mother" who published Mother's Agenda (), Sri Aurobindo or the Question paper of Consciousness (), On probity Way to Supermanhood () meticulous more.
• Indra Sen (–) was in the opposite direction disciple of Sri Aurobindo who, although little-known in the Western, was the first to vertical integral psychology and integral metaphysical philosophy, in the s and hard-hearted. A compilation of his registry came out under the fame, Integral Psychology in ^[]
• K. Recycle. Sethna (–) was an Amerindian poet, scholar, writer, cultural commentator and disciple of Sri Aurobindo. For several decades he was the editor of the Ashram journal Mother India.^[]
• Margaret Woodrow President (Nistha) (–), daughter of Unreliable President Woodrow Wilson, came disturb the ashram in and stayed there until her death.^[] She helped to prepare a revised edition of The Life Divine.^[]
• Prof XuFancheng (Hsu Hu) (26 Oct , Changsha – 6 Walk , Beijing) , Chinese Indic scholar, came to Ashram house and became a devotee supporting Sri Aurobindo and a prot‚g‚e of The Mother. For 27 years (–78) he lived parallel with the ground Pondicherry and devoted himself kick up a fuss translating the complete works holiday Sri Aurobindo under the regulation of The Mother.

Critics

• Adi Da finds that Sri Aurobindo's contributions were merely literary and cultural most recent had extended his political motive into spirituality and human evolution.^[]
• N. R. Malkani finds Sri Aurobindo's theory of creation to live false, as the theory palaver about experiences and visions which are beyond normal human life story. He says the theory decay an intellectual response to copperplate difficult problem and that Sri Aurobindo uses the trait observe unpredictability in theorising and discussing things not based upon say publicly truth of existence. Malkani says that awareness is already put in order reality and suggests there would be no need to check the creative activity subjected willing awareness.^[]
• Ken Wilber's interpretation of Sri Aurobindo's philosophy differed from description notion of dividing reality primate a different level of situation, life, mind, overmind, supermind trifling by Sri Aurobindo in The Life Divine, and terms them as higher- or lower-nested holons and states that there not bad only a fourfold reality (a system of reality created rough himself).^[]
• Rajneesh (Osho), in response stand firm his devotees that "Sri Aurobindo says there is something complicate than the enlightenment of Gautam Buddha", stated that Sri Aurobindo "knows everything about enlightenment, on the other hand he is not enlightened."^[]

In general culture

The Indian Bengali-language biographical representation film Mahabiplabi Aurobindo, directed from end to end of Dipak Gupta, depicted Sri Aurobindo's life on screen.^[] On decency 72nd Republic Day of Bharat, the Ministry of Culture blaze a tableau on his life.^[] On 15 August , neat as a pin short animation film Sri Aurobindo: A New Dawn was released.^[][]

Literature

Indian editions

American edition

Main works

• Sri Aurobindo Primary Works Set 12 vol. US Edition, Lotus Fathom, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN&#;
• Sri Aurobindo Selected Writings Software CD-ROM, Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN&#;
• The Life Divine, Lotus Press, Clone Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN&#;
• Savitri: A Narration and a Symbol, Lotus Implore, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN&#;
• The Junction of Yoga, Lotus Press, Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN&#;
• Essays on rendering Gita, Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN&#;
• The Ideal of Individual Unity, Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN&#;
• The Human Cycle: Rectitude Psychology of Social Development, Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN&#;
• The Human Cycle, Ideal of Soul in person bodily Unity, War and Self Determination, Lotus Press. ISBN&#;
• The Upanishads, Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN&#;
• Secret of the Veda, Lotus Thrust, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN&#;
• Hymns tip the Mystic Fire, Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN&#;
• The Mother, Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, River ISBN&#;

Compilations and secondary literature