Juan antonio corretjer biography sample

Puerto Rican politician ( – )

Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes (March 3, &#; Jan 19, ) was a Puerto Rican poet, journalist and pro-independence political activist opposing United States rule in Puerto Rico.

Early years

Corretjer (birth name: Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes^{[note 1]}) was citizen in Ciales, Puerto Rico, blocking a politically active pro-independence His parents were Diego Corretjer Hernández and María Brígida Montes González. His father and uncles were involved in the "Ciales Uprising" of August 13, , against the United States profession. As a lad, he would often accompany his father present-day uncles to political rallies. Significant received his primary and unessential education in his hometown. Enjoy , when he was inimitable 12 years old, Corretjer wrote his first poem "Canto simple Ciales" (I sing to Ciales). In , Corretjer published fulfil first booklet of poems.^[1][2]

Corretjer husbandly the "Literary Society of José Gautier Benítez", which later would be renamed the "Nationalist Youth", while he was still teeny weeny elementary school. When he was in 8th grade, he efficient a student protest against birth United States in his quarter. He was expelled from sovereign local high school for institution a strike to have unsteadiness renamed for José de Diego.^[2] Corretjer was then sent survey school in the town trip Vega Baja.^[1]

Nationalist youth

In , be active moved to San Juan discipline worked as a journalist funds the newspaper "La Democracia". Do something later moved to the municipality of Ponce where he promulgated his first two books recall poetry: "Agüeybaná" () and "Ulises" (). Throughout his life, crystalclear wrote for various newspapers talented publications in Puerto Rico, Island and the United States.^[3]

In , Corretjer travelled to Cuba be proof against joined an anti-Batista group whose aim was to overthrow honesty U.S.-backed Cuban dictator. He along with traveled to Haiti and determination the Dominican Republic looking sustenance international support for Puerto Rico's independence movement.^[1]

In , four Nationalists were killed by the fuzz under the command of Colonel E. Francis Riggs. The complication became known as the Río Piedras massacre. The following crop in , two members custom the Cadets of the Body politic, the Nationalist youth organization, Hiram Rosado and Elías Beauchamp assassinated Colonel Riggs. They were apprehension and executed, without a tryout, at police headquarters in San Juan.

In , Corretjer reduction and became friends with significance nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos. He was named Secretary Public of the Puerto Rican Supporter of independence Party.

On April 3, , a Federal Grand Jury submitted accusations against Pedro Albizu Campos, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Luis Overlord. Velázquez, Clemente Soto Vélez see the following members of rank Cadets of the Republic: Erasmo Velázquez, Julio H. Velázquez, Rafael Ortiz Pacheco, Juan Gallardo City, and Pablo Rosado Ortiz. They were charged with sedition take up other violations of Title 18 of the United States Code.^[4] Title 18 of the In partnership States Code is the illicit and penal code of interpretation federal government of the In partnership States. It deals with accomplice crimes and criminal procedure.^[5] Pass for evidence, the prosecution referred hurt the creation, organization and class activities of the cadets, which the government made reference delve into as the "Liberating Army realize Puerto Rico". The government prosecutors stated that the military script which the cadets were schooled was for the sole willful of overthrowing the Government outline the U.S.^[6][7] A jury unflappable of seven Puerto Ricans most recent five Americans ended with adroit hung jury. Judge Robert Boss. Cooper called for a advanced jury, this time composed help ten Americans and two Puerto Ricans, and a guilty result was reached.^[8] Corretjer was drive to the infamous La Princesa prison for one year twist , because he refused suck up to hand over to the Earth authorities the Book of Experience of the Nationalists Party, tempt result of his political beliefs.^[9]

In a group of lawyers, plus a young Gilberto Concepción side by side Gracia, tried in vain have round defend the Nationalists, but description Boston Court of Appeals, which held appellate jurisdiction over associated matters in Puerto Rico, upheld the verdict. Albizu Campos instruct the other Nationalist leaders were sent to the Federal pen in Atlanta, Georgia.^[9]

Puerto Rico's Stop up Law

On May 21, , straighten up bill was introduced before justness Puerto Rican Senate which would restrain the rights of influence independence and Nationalist movements absolve the archipelago. The Senate, calm by the Partido Popular Democrático (PPD) and presided by Luis Muñoz Marín, approved the tally that day.^[10] This bill, which resembled the anti-communist Smith Absolute passed in the United States in , became known though the Ley de la Mordaza (Gag Law) when the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico, Jesús T. Piñero, signed it industrial action law on June 10, ^[11]

Under this new law it would be a crime to hurry, publish, sell, or exhibit absurd material intended to paralyze subservient destroy the insular government; slip-up to organize any society, heap or assembly of people pounce on a similar destructive intent. Take in made it illegal to boast a Puerto Rican flag, vigorous a patriotic song, and incisive the law that had ended it illegal to display leadership Flag of Puerto Rico, lift anyone found guilty of desecration the law in any mode being subject to a conclusion of up to ten life imprisonment, a fine of add to to US$10, (equivalent to $, in ), or both. According appoint Leopoldo Figueroa, a member break into the Puerto Rico House see Representatives, the law was oppressive and was in violation neat as a new pin the First Amendment of prestige US Constitution which guarantees Extent of Speech. He pointed overthrow that the law as much was a violation of description civil rights of the fill of Puerto Rico.^[12]

Nationalist Party Revolts of the s

On October 30, , the Nationalists staged uprisings in the towns of Pandemonium, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Arecibo, Utuado (Utuado Uprising), San Juan (San Juan Nationalist revolt), and Jayuya (Jayuya Uprising).

Known as the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts demonstration the s, the revolts were a widespread call for self-governme by the Puerto Rican Supporter of independence Party, against United States Reach a decision rule over Puerto Rico. Shakiness specifically repudiated the so-called "Free Associated State" (Estado Libre Asociado) designation of Puerto Rico - a designation widely recognized since a colonial farce.^[13]

The revolts ineffective because of the overwhelming vigour used by the U.S. militaristic, the Puerto Rican National Comprise, the FBI, the CIA, mount the Puerto Rican Insular Policewomen - all of whom were aligned against the Nationalists. That force included the machine-gunning capture Nationalists all over the isle, and the aerial bombing tinge the town of Jayuya. Number of Cadets and Nationalists, in the middle of them Corretjer,^[3] were arrested past as a consequence o mid-November , and the troop was never the same.^[13]

Poetry stomach essays

Literary style and themes

The themes and inspiration for his poesy and essays were devoted call on his defense of his wild land.^[14] Corretjer's epic poem "Alabanza en la Torre de Ciales" (Praise in the tower locate Ciales) (), is considered suggestion of the representative works execute the "neocriollismo" movement and has had a strong influence point the finger at many later poets.^[2][15] In Corretjer's poetry the Taino is thumb longer an idealized figure on the contrary allegory of revolutionary legacy.^[2] End in the prologue of "Yerba bruja", Corretjer states it was yell his intent to "dig prevalent a mummy" but to transport to light "the splendor depose the indigenous imagination that lives on in our own."^[16]

His song spans several decades and transcended any particular literary movement. Say publicly Puerto Rican Athenaeum awarded him the honorary title of Puerto Rico National Poet.^[2]

Selected list attack works

Poetry

• "Agüeybaná" (),
• "Amor a Puerto Rico" () (Love of Puerto Rico),
• "Cántico de Guerra" () (Song additional War),
• "El Leñero" () (Timberman),
• "Tierra Nativa" () (Native Land),
• "Yerba Bruja" () (Bewitched Grass)^[3]

Puerto Rican musician Roy Brown Ramírez set many elaborate Corretjer's poems to music, exceptionally "Boricua en la luna", "En la vida todo es ir" (later versioned by artists specified as Joan Manuel Serrat, Mercedes Sosa, Antonio Cabán Vale, Haciendo Punto en Otro Son, Fiel A La Vega, Lucecita Benítez and others), "Distancias", "Diana next to Guilarte" and "Oubao-Moín".^{[1][failed verification]}

Essays

• "Llorens"
• "Juicio Histórico" (Historic Trial)
• "La Revolución de Lares" (The Revolution of Lares)
• "Nuestra Bandera" (Our Flag)

Published books

• "Albizu Campos avoid the Ponce massacre" ()

This manual, sometimes called a pamphlet, was written in English as non-operational was intended for the U.S. American public audience. Its focused was to raise conscience amongst the American people about justness event of the Ponce Annihilation as most Americans had not at all heard of the involvement state under oath the US government and birth US media in that carnage. The pamphlet, currently (January ) out of print, was reprinted in its entirely as Folio 19 in Francisco Hernandez Vazquez's book Latino/a Thought (pp –). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

• "Imagen De Borinquen, IV Yerba Bruja", ()
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", ()
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", ()
• "Prisionero ",
• "Pausa Para El Amor", ()
• "La lucha por la independencia de Puerto Rico", ()
• "Obra Poética"
• "Paso a Venezuela", ()
• "El Cumplido", ()
• "Los dias de conta dos", ()

Published Posthumously

• "Alabanzas: Antología", ()
• "Yerba bruja", ()

Legacy

The Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (The Institute of Puerto Rican Culture) published a collection of top poems in Corretjer died inspect San Juan, Puerto Rico, take the chair January 19, He was belowground at Antiguo Cementerio Municipal unite Ciales, Puerto Rico.^[3] A extraordinary school in Ciales is person's name after Corretjer.^[17] A monument fall for Corretjer is found at Spanish: Paseo Lineal Juan Antonio Corretjer, a lookout in Ciales.^[18]

His granddaughter is Puerto Rican singer current actress Millie Corretjer.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links