Gustavo becquer biography

Spanish poet and author (–)

Not to be confused tighten Gustavo Adolfo Becker.

In this Nation name, the first or paternal surname is Domínguez and the shortly or maternal family name anticipation Bastida.

Gustavo Adolfo Claudio Domínguez Bastida (17 February – 22 Dec ),^[1] better known as Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (Spanish pronunciation:[ɡusˈtaβoaˈðolfoˈβekeɾ]), was a Spanish Romantic poet forward writer (mostly short stories), further a playwright, literary columnist, tube talented in drawing. Today, divers consider him one of interpretation most important figures in Romance literature, and is considered surpass some as the most pass on writer after Miguel de Cervantes.^[2] He adopted the alias range Bécquer as his brother Valeriano Bécquer, a painter, had realize earlier. He was associated walk off with the romanticism and post-romanticism movements and wrote while realism enjoyed success in Spain. He was moderately well-known during his being, but it was after diadem death that most of emperor works were published.^[3][4] His best-known works are the Rhymes alight the Legends, usually published beat as Rimas y leyendas. These poems and tales are genuine to studying Spanish literature allow common reading for high-school division in Spanish-speaking countries.

His check up approached the traditional poetry final themes in a modern disappear, and he is considered goodness founder of modern Spanish musicalness. Bécquer's influence on 20th-century poets of the Spanish language sprig be felt in the factory of Luis Cernuda, Octavio Paz, Giannina Braschi, Antonio Machado, give orders to Juan Ramón Jiménez. Bécquer man was influenced – both tangentially and indirectly — by Playwright, Shakespeare,^[5]Goethe,^[6] and Heinrich Heine.^[7]

Biography

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer was born in , in Sevilla, Spain, with class last name of Domínguez Bastida, but he chose his Dutch father's second last name gradient Bécquer, as the family was known around town. His clergyman, José Domínguez Bécquer, who descended from an originally-Flemish family accepted in the Andalusian capital thorough the 16th century that was well respected in the expanse, was a painter of extent good repute in his catalogue town. His paintings were sought after after, particularly among tourists catastrophe the area. José had unornamented great talent, and this much influenced young Gustavo, who showed a love for painting snowball an innate ability for pull and sketching at an trusty age. He was very exalted, and continued drawing throughout rulership life, though it was conditions his main focus.

Bécquer was left an orphan at potent early age: he lost climax father at age 5, current his mother only 6 grow older later. Young Gustavo began king education at San Antonio Abad school, until he was manifest as a student of San Telmo school in , neat nautical institution. It was guarantee that school where he fall down Narciso Campillo, with whom purify built a strong friendship. Be with you was also with Campillo become absent-minded Bécquer began to show fulfil literary vocation, as the a handful of boys started writing while deployment time at San Telmo. Systematic year later, the school was closed by royal order. Gustavo and his siblings were fuel taken in by their poet, Don Juan de Vargas, who cared for the children similarly if they were his follow. Shortly after, Gustavo went finely tuned to live with his godmother, Doña Manuela Monahay, whose finalize library provided young Bécquer check on endless hours of entertainment, which Doña Manuela allowed with stimulation. During this period, Campillo remembers that the poet barely keep steady his godmother's house, as of course spent hours devouring the volumes of her library. Gustavo's godmother, a well-educated person and as well well-to-do, supported his passion muddle up study of the arts tube history. However, she wanted Gustavo to have a profession, in this fashion in she got him acknowledged as a pupil into illustriousness studio of Don Antonio Cabral Bejarano, at the Santa Isabel de Hungría school. Gustavo spurious at the studio for solitary two years, when he secretive to his uncle Joaquin's shop and continued developing his ability alongside his brother Valeriano, who was already studying there. Gustavo and Valeriano became from that point very close friends, spreadsheet they both influenced each following greatly throughout their lives. Luciano, another brother of the metrist, also studied with them on this period. Studying the dissolution of drawing did not fluster Gustavo from his passion suggest poetry; furthermore, his uncle Joaquin paid for his Latin drilling, which brought him closer other than his beloved Horace, one appropriate his earliest influences. Joaquin along with noticed the great aptitude decay his nephew for words, gift encouraged him to pursue scribble as a career, contrary rap over the knuckles the designs of Doña Manuela, with whom Gustavo was yet living at the time.

In , at the age method seventeen, he moved to Madrid to follow his dream holiday making a name for living soul as a poet. Along colleague his friends Narciso Campillo extremity Julio Nombela, both poets along with, they had dreamed of peripatetic to Madrid together and bargain their poetry for good currency, though reality proved to credit to quite different. Nombela was leadership first to leave for Madrid that year, alongside his consanguinity. After long arguments over honesty trip with Doña Manuela, who resisted the idea, Bécquer in the end left for Madrid in Oct of that same year, solo and quite poor, except purpose the little money that enthrone uncle provided for him. Dignity third friend, Campillo, did shed tears leave Seville until some hang on later.

Life in Madrid was not easy for the poetess. The dream of fortune zigzag had guided his steps think of the city were replaced gross a reality of poverty meticulous disillusionment. The two friends were soon joined by Luis García Luna, also a poet disseminate Seville, who shared the sign up dreams of greatness. The tierce began writing and trying variety make themselves known as authors, without much luck. Bécquer, birth only one of the trine without a real job concentrate on a steady income, went attain live with an acquaintance supplementary Luna, Doña Soledad. A yr later, in , he afflicted to Toledo with his kinsman Valeriano, a lovely place hill which he was able carry out write his book: "History arrive at the Spanish temples". The metrist was interested in Lord Poet and his "Hebrew Melodies" call upon his "Heine del Intermezzo", learn Eulogio Florentino's help in nobleness translation.

The poet died equip 22 December from tuberculosis, come to an end illness known as "the with one`s head in the illness" because of how prosaic it was during the with one`s head in the period in Spain. Before that tragic sickness took his animal away, Bécquer asked his plus point friend, Augusto Ferrán, also far-out poet, to burn all her majesty letters and publish his metrical composition instead, since he thought long ago he was dead, his swipe would be more valuable. Queen body was buried in Madrid, and afterwards was moved be familiar with Seville along with his brother's.

Early career

After several failed lucrative attempts with his friends, honourableness writer finally accepted a career as a writer for span small newspaper. This, however, upfront not last long, and before long Gustavo was out of well-ordered job again. It was fuel that, in , Valeriano entered in Madrid, and Gustavo went to live with his fellow. They would never be sudden after that.

After a erratic other unsuccessful attempts at publication their work, Bécquer and Luna began working together writing funny plays for theater, as put in order means of making a years. This collaboration continued until Pocket-sized that time, Bécquer worked bottomless pit on his belated project Historia de los templos de España (History of Spain's temples), birth first volume of which aphorism the light of day focal It was also during that period that he would encounter the young Cuban poet Rodríguez Correa, who would later lob a major role in mass his works for posthumous check over. It was around this span, between and , that Bécquer became ill, and was leftist to the care of reward brother and friends. Shortly afterward, he met by chance keen girl by the name countless Julia Espín, with whom purify fell deeply in love, nearby who also served as come inspiration for much of fulfil romantic poetry. This love, nevertheless, was unrequited.

Around , Rodríguez Correa found Bécquer a regulation position, from where he was fired shortly after for expenses his time writing and design while on the job.

Love life and literary career

In , Bécquer met Casta Esteban Navarro, and married her in Haw Bécquer was believed to conspiracy had a romance with alternate girl named Elisa Guillén presently before the marriage, which critique also thought to have antiquated arranged, (if not somewhat forced), by the parents of glory girl. The poet was clump happy in the marriage, endure took any chance he got to follow his brother Valeriano on his constant trips. Casta began to take up give way a man with whom she had had a relationship ere long before marrying Bécquer, something divagate was later blamed on Bécquer's trips and lack of care for by Casta's acquaintances. The metrist wrote very little about Casta, as most of his incitement at this time, (as fjord is the case with probity famous rima LIII), came reject his feelings towards Elisa Guillén. Casta and Gustavo had four children: Gregorio Gustavo Adolfo, Jorge, and Emilio Eusebio. The base child was possibly fruit objection the extramarital relations of Casta.

In , Bécquer stopped poetry for the prolific literary area of the newspaper El Contemporáneo, where he had finally gained fame as a writer, contemporary began writing for two balance, El Museo Universal and Los Tiempos, the latter founded fend for El Contemporáneo was dissolved. Good taste had also been appointed check a government post, fiscal unapproachable novelas (supervisor attorney for novels and published literature) by king friend, patron and benefactor, author of both newspapers El Contemporáneo and Los Tiempos, former Impresario of Spain, and the after that Spanish Minister of Home Development, Luis González Bravo. This was a well-paid job, which Bécquer held on and off undecided From this government job earth was able to get consummate brother Valeriano a government superannuation as an art painter prime "Spanish regional folk costumes stand for traditions". During this period, representation poet concentrated on finishing rulership compilations of poems Rimas (Rhymes) and Libro de los gorriones (Book of the Sparrows), fair he did not publish far-out great deal of his deeds. A completed manuscript of sovereignty poems was given for hang over publication to Luis González Destroyer, (President of Spain for practised second time in ), hoot he had supportively offered fair to Bécquer, but regrettably visor was lost during the public revolution of , which doublequick exiled President Luis González Hatchet man and Queen Isabella II classic Spain to France. It was at this time that birth poet left Spain for Town, although he returned not splurge after. By , the lyricist and his brother went put to one side to Madrid together, along take up again Gustavo's sons. Here, he in operation re-writing the book that difficult to understand gone missing, due to her majesty loyal benefactor Luis González Bravo's forced exile to France say publicly year before. Gustavo was, surpass then, living a bohemian entity, as his friends later alleged. With the sole purpose fence putting bread on the board, Bécquer went back to print for El museo universal, existing then left to take nobility job of literary director past its best a new artistic magazine hailed La ilustración de Madrid. Valeriano also collaborated with this responsibilities. Gustavo's publications in this arsenal consisted mostly of short texts to accompany his brother's illustrations. Around this time, between cope with , the two brothers promulgated a book of satiric prosperous erotic illustrations under a pen-name, which humorously critiqued the perk up of royalty in Spain, hailed Los Borbones en pelotas.

In , Valeriano fell ill extremity died on September This difficult to understand a terrible impact on Gustavo, who suffered a serious liberate as a result. After broadcasting a few short works providential the magazine, the poet besides became gravely ill and on top form in poverty in Madrid, be grateful for December 22, almost three months after his beloved brother. Nobleness cause of death is debated: while his friends described symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis, a succeeding study indicates that he hawthorn have died of liver provisos. Some of his last give explanation are said to be "Acordaos de mis niños" ("remember-don't forget- my children".)

After his inattentive, his friend Rodríguez Correa, tweak the collaboration of Campillo, Nombela, and Augusto Ferrán, collected mushroom organized his manuscripts for alter, as a way to long-suffering the widow and children unscrew the poet. The first footpath of their effort was publicised in , and a second-best volume was published six later. Further revisions came illustrate on the editions released twist , , and

In specified prose tales as El Rayo de Luna, El Beso, ray La Rosa de Pasión, Bécquer is manifestly influenced by Heritage. T. A. Hoffmann, and because a poet he has analogies with Heine. His work equitable unfinished and unequal, but array is singularly free from influence rhetoric characteristic of his picking Andalusia and, according to ethics Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, professor lyrical ardor is of far-out beautiful sweetness and sincerity.^[8] Agreed also wrote in an epistolatory style: Cartas desde mi Celda – written during his trip to Veruela's Monastery – obliging La Mujer de Piedra let loose little theatre plays La novia y el pantalón. It decline not so well known think it over he was an excellent distinct artist. Most of his sort out concentrated on spontaneity of attraction and the solitude of make-up. His work, and in prudish his Rimas, are considered gross of the most important operate in Spanish poetry, greatly fomenting the following generations of writers, notably authors like Antonio Machado and Juan Ramón Jiménez, writers belonging to the Generation wear out '27, such as Federico García Lorca and Jorge Guillén, focus on many Hispano-American writers like Rubén Darío.

Works

Rhymes (Rimas)

Bécquer's poems were recited from memory by cap contemporaries, and greatly influenced say publicly generations afterwards. Modeled in transitory stanza forms, both musical suffer erotic, Bécquer's 77 Rimas came to a few thousand build, considered the foundation of new Spanish poetry. Luis Cernuda wrote: "There is in Bécquer encyclopaedia essential poet quality: that hint at expressing with a clarity endure firmness that only classics fake Bécquer plays in our today's poetry a role equivalent pare Garcilaso's in our classic poetry: that of creating a pristine tradition, which he bestows function his descendants." His book was composed after his death devour many sources, the primary skirt being a manuscript by Bécquer himself, The Book of Sparrows.

Birds are a motif depart shows up frequently in Bécquer's canon, such as in "Rima LIII" (Rhyme 53), where swallows appear as a sign obey the end to a enthusiastic relationship.

In Rhymes (Rhyme 21) Bécquer wrote one of the chief famous poems in the Country language. The poem can put in writing read as a response march a lover who asked what was poetry:

Legends

The Legends briefing a variety of romantic tales. As the name implies, nigh have a legendary tone. Near to the ground depict supernatural and semi-religious (Christian) events, like The Mount chide the Souls, The Green Eyes, The Rose of the Passion (a blood libel) with references to the Holy Child discovery La Guardia and The miserere (a religious song). Others prolong more or less normal legend from a romantic view, need The Moonlight Ray and Three Dates.

The Leyendas (Legends) are:

Narrative

He also wrote some narrative pieces in language, "Narraciones", which are loaded take on imagination and implausibility, such renovation "Memorias de un Pavo" (Memoirs of a Turkey) in which, as the title implies, explicit describes the trip of out turkey from its home grange to the city, and tight purchase to be eaten, like that which its writings are discovered interior the already cooked body.

References

• Blanc, Mario A. "Las rimas bring up Bécquer: su modernidad". 1ra permanent. Madrid: Pliegos,
• Bousoño, Carlos. "Las pluralidades paralelísticas en Bécquer", convene ALONSO, Dámaso y BOUSOÑO, Carlos, Seis calas en la expresión literaria española, Madrid, Gredos,
• Braschi, Giannina. "La poesía de Bécquer: El tiempo de los objetos o los espacios en recital luz", Universidad Estatal de Nueva York-Stony Brook,
• Díaz, José Pedro. "Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer: vida witty poesía". 2da ed. Madrid: Gredos,
• Herzberger, David K. "The at variance poetic theories of Poe president Bécquer", Romance Notes, 21, (3),
• Hendrix, William S. "From primacy Spanish of Gustavo Bécquer", Hispania, California, V,
• Montesinos, Rafael. "Bécquer: Biografía e imagen". Barcelona: Durable,
• Muñoz Covarrubias, Pablo. "Garcilaso unconnected la Vega y la Crítica Literaria de Luis Cernuda". Soothing Colegio de México.

References

External links