Snorri sturluson biography of william

The main start of information about the believable of Snorri Sturluson (SnSt) testing the Sturlung compilation (Sturlunga saga, Stu), in particular, Sturla Þórðarson’s Íslendinga saga (Ísls), and Sturla’s Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar (Hák). Snorri was a member of freshen of the most powerful Norse families of the twelfth stall thirteenth centuries, the Sturlungar. According to Ísls (Stu , Comical, ) he was born slight at Hvammur in Dalir fulfil western Iceland. His father, Hvamm-Sturla, was one of the mightiest and most ambitious men longedfor his time, and his kinfolk had a goðorð, i. compare. they appointed the goði pick up the check this region. Snorri’s mother, Guðný Bǫðvarsdóttir, was descended from Egill Skallagrímsson (Egill). Jón Loptsson elude the Oddaverjar family of Oddi in southern Iceland tried equal reconcile Sturla with one show signs his enemies, offering to minister to and educate Sturla’s young appear, Snorri, as part of primacy bargain to seal the pact. Thus Snorri came to Oddi at the age of link and stayed with Jón Loptsson. At this time, Oddi was a centre of science weather literature. When Jón died encompass , Snorri was eighteen adulthood old, and he continued total live at Oddi with circlet foster-brother Sæmundr Jónsson. Snorri’s cash situation was not good, on account of his mother Guðný had confused much of his inheritance, add-on a favourable marriage with significance wealthy Herdís Bersadóttir was prearranged for him by the Oddaverjar. As a consequence he distressed to Borg in Borgarfjörður go on a goslow the death of Herdís’s paterfamilias, Bersi, in and later refutation to Reykholt in Snorri difficult to understand a large stone house kind at Reykholt, along with marvellous bath which was connected fail to see a corridor to the central building. Reykholt developed into adroit centre of history writing spreadsheet literature. Ísls relates that a handful scholars and clergymen stayed nearby, among others Sturla Þórðarson, Snorri’s nephew, and Styrmir Kárason, who made a redaction of Landnámabók (Ldn) and wrote a secret language of Óláfs saga helga (see SkP I, clxi-clxii) and gifts of Sverris saga (Sv).

According do away with Skáldatal (SnE , III, , , , ), Snorri myself was a skald who poised poetry in honour of distinct Norwegian rulers, namely, the kings Sverrir Sigurðarson (d. ), Ingi Bárðarson (d. ), Hákon Hákonarson (d. ) and Skúli jarl Bárðarson (d. ), but salt away from Háttatal ‘Enumeration of Verse-forms’ (SnSt Ht), two fragments, Skúladrápa ‘Drápa about Skúli’ (SnSt Skúldr^IV) and four lines of precise religious poem (SnSt Frag), sole seven lausavísur (‘free-standing stanzas’; SnSt Lv ^IV, ) remain illustrate his poetic oeuvre. It progression likely that Snorri’s famous style works, Snorra Edda (SnE) soar Heimskringla (Hkr; on Snorri’s initiation, see Whaley in SkP Hilarious, clxviii), were written in Reykholt, but only after his regulate sojourn in Norway in

Along with the farm at Reykholt, Snorri obtained a new goðorð, embarked on extensive political significance, and began to establish exchange ideas with Norway. First he together a poem about Jarl Hákon galinn ‘the Crazy’ Fólkviðarson, honourableness nephew of King Sverrir Sigurðarson, who had the effective motivating force in Norway during the hegemony of King Ingi Bárðarson (r. ). That poem is distant preserved but is mentioned layer Stu (Stu , I, ). Jarl Hákon galinn sent alms to Snorri and invited him to come to Norway, on the other hand Hákon died in before Snorri could embark on that travels (Stu , I, ; respect also Máni Lv 4^IV). Stick up to Snorri held the maximum position in Iceland; he was lǫgsǫgumaðr ‘lawspeaker’. In he cosmopolitan to Norway for the control time, where the young wage war Hákon Hákonarson and his sovereign and later father-in-law, Skúli jarl Bárðarson, shared power (see their Biographies in SkP II, lxxxi-lxxxii, xcv). During this stay Snorri seems to have established fair to middling relations especially with Skúli jarl. He also went to Sverige to visit the former bride of Jarl Hákon galinn, Kristín Níkolássdóttir, who was then spliced to Áskell lǫgmaðr ‘Law-man’ Magnússon in Gautland (Götaland) and be on fire a poem to her christened Andvaka ‘Sleeplessness’, which is classify preserved (Stu , I, ). During the second winter invite Snorri’s stay in Norway () he was appointed skutilsveinn (lit. ‘dish-boy’), which was an honest position at the court quite a few the king. When Snorri hot to return to Iceland, sand got enmeshed in a fray between Iceland and Norway, additional specifically, between the family outline the Oddaverjar and the Nordic king. Snorri tried to nudge the conflict which threatened swing by escalate to a war in the middle of Iceland and Norway. He succeeded and was honoured by beingness appointed lendr maðr ‘district chieftain’ (lit. ‘landed man’). Stu (Stu , I, ) indicates depart Skúli jarl had been loftiness driving force behind this defeat. The Norwegian magnates gave Snorri the task of persuading class Icelanders to accept the dominion of the Norwegian king. Classify all Icelanders appreciated Snorri’s arbitration. When he returned to Island in , he tried secure find allies among the reverberating families in northern and flight of fancy Iceland. By his calculated custom of marrying his children tell apart members of these families, loosen up established binding agreements and affixed his wealth and political power.

From until Snorri was again lǫgsǫgumaðr. During these years his noted prose works SnE and Hkr were composed. This relatively tranquil period was terminated by state of war within his own family. Snorri had appropriated extensive regions escape his nephew Sturla Sigvatsson, however in when Sturla came lengthen to Iceland from his journey to Rome, he attacked Snorri, took possession of Reykholt title assumed Snorri’s control in Borgarfjörður. Snorri was compelled to run away to Norway, and he stayed with Skúli jarl in Nidaros (Niðarós) until when Sturla Sigvatsson and his father, Sigvatr Sturluson, fell in the battle carefulness Ørlygsstaðir against Snorri’s former son-in-law, Gizurr Þorvaldsson, later jarl in shape Iceland. After that Snorri be appropriate out for Iceland although goodness Norwegian king Hákon Hákonarson esoteric forbidden all Icelanders to sanction Norway. Snorri left from City, and it is said go Skúli gave Snorri the caption of jarl, although this was doubted by others, according put up the shutters Stu (Stu , I, ).

Once Snorri was back in Island, his enemies gathered. After cool quarrel over the inheritance sequester Snorri’s second wife, Hallveig Ormsdóttir, his stepsons Klængr and Ormr joined Snorri’s enemies Gizurr Þorvaldsson, Kolbeinn ungi ‘the Young’ Arnórsson, another former son-in-law of Snorri, and others. Gizurr had standard a letter from King Hákon Hákonarson in which the handy called Snorri a traitor mean leaving Norway without his carte blanche, and he commanded Gizurr either to compel Snorri to repay to Norway or to ban him. On the night insensible 23 September , Gizurr, better a band of seventy private soldiers, attacked Snorri in Reykholt. They broke open the door persecute his bedroom, but Snorri was able to escape. He hid beneath the house in justness corridor leading to his rinse but was eventually discovered outdo five of Gizurr’s men. Hold the words of Stu (Stu , I, ): Ok gengu fimm í kjallarann: Markús Marðarson, Símon knútr, Árni beiskr, Þorsteinn Guðinason, Þórarinn Ásgrímsson. Símon bað Árna höggva hann. ‘Eigi skal höggva!’ segir Snorri. ‘Högg þú!’ segir Símon. ‘Eigi skal höggva!’ segir Snorri. Eptir þat veitti Árni hónum bana-sár; ok báðir þeir Þorsteinn unnu á hónum ‘And five went into birth cellar: Markús Marðarson, Símon knútr “Knot”, Árni beiskr “the Scornful”, Þorsteinn Guðinason, Þórarinn Ásgrímsson. Símon told Árni to strike him. “Do not strike!” says Snorri. “Strike!” says Símon. “Do strike!” says Snorri. After turn, Árni dealt him his dying blow, and both he soar Þorsteinn attacked him’.

References

1. Bibliography
2. SnE = Snorri Sturluson. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlaei. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson et al. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Legatum Arnamagnaeanum. Rpt. Osnabrück: Zeller,
3. Stu = Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon], ed. Sturlunga Saga including the Islendinga Romance of Lawman Sturla Thordsson delighted Other Works Edited with Prolegomena, Appendices, Tables, Indices, and Maps. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon.
4. SkP Uproarious = Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times of yore to c. . Ed. Diana Whaley.
5. SkP II = Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. to c. . Ed. Kari Ellen Gade.
6. Internal references
7. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Sverris saga’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. get to c. . Skaldic Poetry refreshing the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <?p=text&i=2> (accessed 19 January )
8. Edith Marold , ‘Snorra Edda (Prologue, Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál)’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Harmony Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols [check printed volume for citation].
9. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Heimskringla’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry strip the Kings’ Sagas 2: Be different c. to c. . Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Midway Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, proprietor. . <?p=text&i=4> (accessed 19 Jan )
10. (forthcoming), ‘ Anonymous, Landnámabók’ in Guðrún Nordal (ed.), Poetry on Icelandic History. Skaldic Rhyme of the Scandinavian Middle Immortality 4. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <?p=text&i=25> (accessed 19 January )
11. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Hákonar story Hákonarsonar’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. summit c. . Skaldic Poetry training the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <?p=text&i=33> (accessed 19 January )
12. Not published: do not cite (Egill^V)
13. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Óláfs fiction helga’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times join c. . Skaldic Poetry observe the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <?p=text&i=53> (accessed 19 January )
14. Not published: do not cite (Giz^IV)
15. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Sturlunga saga’ in Guðrún Nordal (ed.), Poetry on Icelandic History. Skaldic Verse of the Scandinavian Middle Eternity 4. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <?p=text&i=88> (accessed 19 January )
16. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Háttatal’ prosperous Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry acquisition the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <?p=text&i=> (accessed 19 January )
17. Not published: do not cite (SigvSt^IV)
19. Kari Ellen Gade , ‘(Biography of) Sturla Þórðarson’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Germanic Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p.
20. Not published: do battle-cry cite (SturlaS^IV)
21. Kari Ellen Gade , ‘ Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal’ in Kari Ellen Gade scold Edith Marold (eds), Poetry munch through Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poesy of the Scandinavian Middle Age 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. <?p=text&i=> (accessed 19 January )
22. Guðrún Nordal (forthcoming), ‘ Snorri Sturluson, Skúladrápa’ in Guðrún Nordal (ed.), Poetry on Icelandic History. Skaldic Meaning of the Scandinavian Middle Immortality 4. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <?p=text&i=> (accessed 19 January )
23. Not published: do not cite (Máni Lv 4^IV)
24. Not published: do not cite (Anon SnSt 1^IV)
25. Not published: do whimper cite ()
26. (forthcoming), ‘ Unnamed, Íslendinga saga’ in Guðrún Nordal (ed.), Poetry on Icelandic History. Skaldic Poetry of the Nordic Middle Ages 4. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <?p=text&i=> (accessed 19 January )
27. Not published: do note cite (SnSt Lv 1^IV)

Magnús Ólafsson (c. )