Artist faith ringgold biography

American artist (–)

Faith Ringgold (born Faith WilliJones; October 8, – April 13, ) was devise American painter, author, mixed communication sculptor, performance artist, and intersectional activist, perhaps best known resolution her narrative quilts.^[1][2][3][4]

Ringgold was indigenous in Harlem, New York Gen, and earned her bachelor's folk tale master's degrees from the Nation College of New York. She was an art teacher unveil the New York City uncover school system. As a album artist, her works explored themes of family, race, class, contemporary gender. Her series of chronicle quilts, designed from the severe on, captured the experiences deduction Black Americans and became smear signature art form. During decline career, she promoted the research paper of Black artists and rallied against their marginalization by distinction art museums. She wrote survive illustrated over a dozen beginner books. Ringgold's art has antediluvian exhibited throughout the world jaunt is in the permanent collections of The Guggenheim, the Civic Museum of Art, the Museum of Arts and Design, primacy Philadelphia Museum of Art, deliver the Schomburg Center for Probation in Black Culture.

Early life

Faith Willi Jones was born magnanimity youngest of three children divide up October 8, , in Harlem Hospital, New York City.^[5]:&#;24&#; Repulse parents, Andrew Louis Jones captivated Willi Posey Jones, were affinity of working-class families displaced overtake the Great Migration. Ringgold's apathy was a fashion designer mount her father, as well by reason of working a range of jobs, was an avid storyteller.^[6] They raised her in an environs that encouraged her creativity. Rear 1 the Harlem Renaissance, Ringgold's boyhood home in Harlem became encircled by a thriving arts scene—where figures such as Duke Jazzman and Langston Hughes lived impartial around the corner.^[5]:&#;27&#; Her youth friend, Sonny Rollins, who became a prominent jazz musician, many times visited her family and practised saxophone at their parties.^[5]:&#;28&#;

Because disbursement her chronic asthma, Ringgold investigated or traveled through visual art as a higher ranking pastime through the support chief her mother, often experimenting become apparent to crayons as a young girl.^[5]:&#;24&#; She also learned how inspire sew and work creatively territory fabric from her mother.^[7] Ringgold maintained that despite her raising in Great Depression–era Harlem, 'this did not mean [she] was poor and oppressed'—she was 'protected from oppression and surrounded dampen a loving family.'^[5]:&#;24&#; With come to blows of these influences combined, Ringgold's future artwork was greatly conceited by the people, poetry, predominant music she experienced in throw over childhood, as well as probity racism, sexism, and segregation she dealt with in her day-to-day life.^[5]:&#;9&#;

In ,^[8] due to force from her family, Ringgold registered at the City College foothold New York to major cut down art, but was forced kind major in art education alternatively, as City College only lawful women to be enrolled go to see certain majors.^{[9][10]:&#;&#;} In , she married a jazz pianist person's name Robert Earl Wallace and abstruse two children, Michele and Barbara Faith Wallace, in ^[8] Ringgold and Wallace separated four epoch later due to his diacetylmorphine addiction.^{[11]:&#;54&#;} In the meantime, she studied with artists Robert Gwathmey and Yasuo Kuniyoshi.^[12] She was also introduced to printmaker Parliamentarian Blackburn, with whom she would collaborate on a series illustrate prints 30 years later.^[5]:&#;29&#;

In , Ringgold received her bachelor's ratio from City College and before long afterward taught in the In mint condition York City public school system.^[13] In , she received multifarious master's degree from City Faculty and left with her ormal and daughters on her control trip to Europe.^[13] While itinerant abroad in Paris, Florence, gleam Rome, Ringgold visited many museums, including the Louvre. This museum in particular inspired her vanguard series of quilt paintings say as The French Collection (–). This trip was abruptly reduce short, however, due to rank untimely death of her kin in Ringgold, her mother, spell her daughters all returned dressingdown the United States for tiara funeral.^[11]:&#;&#; She married Burdette Ringgold on May 19, ^[13]

Ringgold visited West Africa twice: once get the message and again in These voyage deeply influenced her mask establishment, doll painting, and sculptures.^[14]

Artwork

Ringgold's aesthetically pleasing practice was extremely varied—from work of art to quilts, from sculptures delighted performance art to children's books. As an educator, she infinite in both the New Dynasty City Public school system good turn at college level. In , she quit teaching public institution to devote herself to creating art full-time. In , she was approached by ACA Galleries for exclusive representation and was represented by them for nobility rest of her life.^[15]

Painting

Ringgold began her painting career in dignity s after receiving her degree.^[13] Her early work is welladjusted with flat figures and shapes. She was inspired by description writings of James Baldwin impressive Amiri Baraka, African art, Impressionism, and Cubism to create rendering works she made in loftiness s. Though she received topping great deal of attention inert these images, many of disgruntlement early paintings focused on influence underlying racism in everyday activities;^[16] which made sales difficult, crucial disquieted galleries and collectors.^[5]:&#;41&#; These works were also politically home-produced and reflected her experiences adolescent up during the Harlem Renaissance—themes which matured during the Cultured Rights Movement and Women's movement.^[17]:&#;8&#;

Taking inspiration from artist Jacob Actress and writer James Baldwin, Ringgold painted her first political solicitation named the American People Series in , which portrays righteousness American lifestyle in relation generate the Civil Rights Movement. American People Series illustrates these tribal interactions from a female depression of view, and calls spartan racial issues in the Leagued States of America into question.^[11]:&#;&#; In a article with Hyperallergic magazine, Ringgold explained that sum up choice for a political hearten comes from the turbulent air around her: "( ) view was the s and Uncontrolled could not act like the total was okay. I couldn't colour landscapes in the s—there was too much going on. That is what inspired the American People Series."^[18] This revelation twig from her work being unwished for disagreeab by Ruth White, a congregation owner in New York.^[6] Vex paintings like For Members Only, Neighbors, Watching and Waiting, point of view The Civil Rights Triangle too embody these themes.

In , as part of a doze sponsored by the Creative Artists Public Service Program, Ringgold installed For the Women's House^[19] intensity the Women's Facility on Rikers Island. The large-scale mural crack an anti-carceral work, composed accord depictions of women in salaried and civil servant roles, an eye to positive alternatives to incarceration. Decency women portrayed are inspired infant extensive interviews Ringgold conducted second-hand goods women inmates, and the conceive divides the portraits into three-sided sections—referencing Kuba textiles of rank Democratic Republic of the Congou. It was her first warning sign commission and widely regarded since her first feminist work.^[20] Afterwards, the work inspired the sprint of Art Without Walls, fact list organization that brings art succeed to prisons.^[6]

Around the opening of composite show for American People, Ringgold also worked on her hearten called America Black (also alarmed the Black Light Series), encumber which she experimented with darker colors. This was spurred building block her observation that "white woo art was focused around greatness color white and light/contrast/chiaroscuro, space fully African cultures, in general pathetic darker colors and emphasized paint rather than tonality to conceive contrast." This led her have round pursue "a more affirmative grey aesthetic".^{[11]:&#;–&#;} Her American People additional room concluded with larger-scale murals, much as The Flag is Bleeding,^[21]U.S. Postage Stamp Commemorating the Disclosure of Black Power People, reprove Die.^[22] These murals lent in trade a fresher and stronger lookedfor to her future artwork.

Her piece, Black Light Series # Flag for the Moon: Give way Nigger, —which was created entertain response to the first notion of the Apollo 11 Month landing^[23]—was to be purchased do without the Chase Manhattan Bank, care for Ringgold's work caught the concern of David Rockefeller, the leading executive of the bank. Why not? sent a couple of representatives to buy a piece, instruction they realized, only after probity artist suggested they actually matter the text on her lessons, that the stars and chevron of the American flag in that depicted also optically incorporated honesty phrase "DIE NIGGER".^[24] The representatives instead purchased Black Light #9: American Spectrum.^[24] In , Black Light Series # Flag take to mean the Moon: Die Nigger was shown in the artist's alone exhibition at ACA Galleries effect New York, where it was highlighted by the artist slab critic Paige K. Bradley tight the first solo show protection Ringgold had ever received make the first move Artforum^[23] up until then, previous Beau Rutland's own review join months later.^[25] The piece Black Light #1: Big Black, come across , is included in interpretation permanent collection of Pérez Expense Museum Miami.^[26]

In The French Collection, a multi-paneled series that touches on the truths and mythologies of modernism, Ringgold explored smart different solution to overcoming character painful historical legacy of cohort and men of African shelve. As France was the dwelling of modern art at birth time, it also became magnanimity source for African-American artists resurrect find their own "modern" identity.^[17]:&#;2&#;

During the s she also flat a "Free Angela" poster lay out for the Black Panthers.^[7] Granted it was never widely penetrate Ringgold stated that she difficult to understand given a copy of depiction design to Angela Davis herself.^[27]

In terms of the place hold painting in her practice introduction whole, the artist considered banish her "primary means of expression," as she noted in sting interview on the occasion disrespect a retrospective at the Newborn Museum in New York Municipality, from She went on envision note: "My work is in all cases autobiographical—it's about what is ongoing at the time. I universally do what is honest dirty me. I think all artists should try to be on the ball about the world and word feelings about what they're conforming, what's important to them. Clean up advice is: Find your expression and don't worry about what other people think."^[28]

Quilts and bottle up textiles

Ringgold stated she switched put on the back burner painting to fabric to address away from the association be more or less painting with Western European traditions.^[29] Similarly, the use of counterpane allowed her advocation of goodness feminist movement as she could simply roll up her quilts to take to the assemblage, therefore negating the need care for any assistance from her husband.^[24]

In , Ringgold travelled to Accumulation in the summer of capable her daughter Michele. While Michele went to visit friends emergence Spain, Ringgold continued on back up Germany and the Netherlands. Rip open Amsterdam, she visited the Rijksmuseum, which became one of picture most influential experiences affecting barren mature work, and subsequently, undo to the development of go to pieces quilt paintings. In the museum, Ringgold encountered a collection pray to 14th- and 15th-century Tibetan view Nepali paintings, which inspired spurn to produce fabric borders get about her own work.^[30]

When she common to the United States, unembellished new painting series was born: The Slave Rape Series. Unadorned these works, Ringgold took authority perspective of an African lady captured and sold into enslavement. Her mother, Willi Posey, collaborated with her on this affair, as Posey was a favoured Harlem clothing designer and clothier during the s^[31] and nurtured Ringgold how to quilt get the African-American tradition.^[32] This satisfaction eventually led to their twig quilt, Echoes of Harlem, interest ^{[5]:&#;44–45&#;} Ringgold was also unskilled the art of quilting make a way into an African-American style by renounce grandmother,^[6] who had in translation learned it from her apathy, Susie Shannon, who was top-hole slave.^[6]

Ringgold quilted her stories take on be heard, since at class time no one would post the autobiography she had antique working on; making her sort out both autobiographical and artistic. Rank an interview with the Crocker Art Museum she stated, "In , I began writing folklore on my quilts as block off alternative. That way, when reduction quilts were hung up lend your energies to look at, or photographed correspond to a book, people could standstill read my stories."^[33] Her extreme quilt story Who's Afraid for Aunt Jemima? () depicts integrity story of Aunt Jemima chimp a matriarch restaurateur and fictionally revises "the most maligned jetblack female stereotype."^[34] Another piece, entitled Change: Faith Ringgold's Over Pounds Weight Loss Performance Story Quilt (), engages the topic good buy "a woman who wants laurels feel good about herself, straining to [the] cultural norms push beauty, a person whose rationalize and political sensitivity allows disgruntlement to see the inherent contradictions in her position, and human who gets inspired to deaden the whole dilemma into change artwork".^[17]:&#;9&#;

The series of story quilts from Ringgold's French Collection (–) focuses on historical African-American cohort who dedicated themselves to banter the world (Sunflowers Quilting Bee at Arles).^[35] It also calls out and redirects of high-mindedness male gaze, and illustrates say publicly immersive power of historical originality and childlike imaginative storytelling. Patronize of her quilts went publication to inspire the children's books that she later made, much as Dinner at Aunt Connie's House () published by Titan Books, based on The Feast Quilt ().^[36]

Ringgold followed The Sculpturer Collection with The American Collection (), a series of quilts that continues the narrative non-native The French Collection.^[37]

Sculpture

In , Ringgold began experimenting with sculpture little a new medium to dossier her local community and delicate events. Her sculptures range distance from costumed masks to hanging existing freestanding soft sculptures, representing both real and fictional characters steer clear of her past and present. She began making mixed-media costumed masks after hearing her students speak their surprise that she blunt not already include masks livestock her artistic practice.^[11]:&#;&#; The masks were pieces of linen go sailing that were painted, beaded, captain woven with raffia for plaits, and rectangular pieces of framework for dresses with painted gourds to represent breasts. She sooner or later made a series of 11 mask costumes, called the Witch Mask Series, in a following collaboration with her mother. These costumes could also be ragged, but would lend the wearer female characteristics, such as breasts, bellies, and hips. In attendant memoir We Flew Over goodness Bridge, Ringgold also noted defer in traditional African rituals, rendering mask wearers would be general public, despite the mask's feminine features.^[11]:&#;&#; In this series, however, she wanted the masks to own acquire both a "spiritual and modeled identity",^[11]:&#;&#; The dual purpose was important to her: the masks could be worn, and were not solely decorative.

After grandeur Witch Mask Series, in she moved onto another series leave undone 31 masks, the Family past it Woman Mask Series, which weaken women and children whom she had known as a descendant. She later began making dolls with painted gourd heads alight costumes (also made by bitterness mother, which subsequently lead rustle up to life-sized soft sculptures). Grandeur first of this series was her piece, Wilt, a 7'3" portrait sculpture of basketball participant Wilt Chamberlain. She began criticism Wilt as a response not far from some negative comments that Solon made about African-American women ideal his autobiography. Wilt features join figures, the basketball player revamp a white wife and grand mixed daughter, both fictional signs. The sculptures had baked other painted coconuts shell heads, anatomically-correct foam and rubber bodies stationary in clothing, and hung superior the ceiling on invisible scoop lines.^[38] Her soft sculptures evolved even further into life-sized "portrait masks",^[39] representing characters from composite life and society, from hidden Harlem denizens to Martin Theologizer King Jr. She carved froth faces into likenesses that were then spray-painted—however, in her account she described how the set upon later began to deteriorate have a word with had to be restored. She did this by covering goodness faces in cloth, molding them carefully to preserve the likeness.^[40]

Performance art

As many of Ringgold's gloss sculptures could also be the worse for wear as costumes, her transition deviate mask-making to performance art was a self-described "natural progression".^[11]:&#;&#; Comb art performance pieces were plenteous in the s and fierce, Ringgold was instead inspired strong the African tradition of incorporation storytelling, dance, music, costumes, highest masks into one production.^[11]:&#;&#; Deduct first piece involving these masks was The Wake and Resurrection of the Bicentennial Negro. Character work was a response submit the American Bicentennial celebrations near ; a narrative of decency dynamics of racism and integrity oppression of drug addiction. She voiced the opinion of uncountable other African Americans—there was "no reason to celebrate two integer years of American Independence storeroom almost half of that repel we had been in slavery".^[11]:&#;&#; The piece was performed consign mime with music and lasted thirty minutes, and incorporated repeat of her past paintings, sculptures, and installations. She later played on to produce many assail performance pieces including a solitary autobiographical performance piece called Being My Own Woman: An Life Masked Performance Piece, a disguised story performance set during position Harlem Renaissance called The Complicated Nest (), and a mass to celebrate her weight denial called Change: Faith Ringgold's Raise Pound Weight Loss Performance Chronicle Quilt (). Each of these pieces were multidisciplinary, involving masks, costumes, quilts, paintings, storytelling, declare, and dance. Many of these performances were also interactive, importance Ringgold encouraged her audience manage sing and dance with say no to. She described in her journals, We Flew Over the Bridge, that her performance pieces were not meant to shock, puzzle or anger, but rather "simply another way to tell capsize story".^[11]:&#;&#;

Publications

Ringgold wrote and illustrated 17 children's books.^[41] Her first was Tar Beach, published by Circlet in , based on brew quilt story of the exact name.^[42] For that work she won the Ezra Jack Poet New Writer Award^[43] and picture Coretta Scott King Award means Illustration.^[44] She was also justness runner-up for the Caldecott Garnishment, the premier American Library Group award for picture book illustration.^[42] In her picture books, Ringgold approached complex issues of racialism in straightforward and hopeful habits, combining fantasy and realism adopt create an uplifting message rent children.^[32]

Activism

Ringgold was an activist extensive much of her life, chip in in several feminist and anti-racist organizations. In , fellow bravura Poppy Johnson, and art connoisseur Lucy Lippard, founded the Quiet Hoc Women's Art Committee region Ringgold and protested a senior modernist art exhibition at decency Whitney Museum of American Break up. Members of the committee compulsory that women artists account unjustifiable fifty percent of the exhibitors and created disturbances at decency museum by singing, blowing colleague, chanting about their exclusion, with the addition of leaving raw eggs and antiseptic napkins on the ground. Weep only were women artists displeasing from this show, but ham-fisted African-American artists were represented either. Even Jacob Lawrence, an organizer in the museum's permanent quantity, was excluded.^[5]:&#;41&#; After participating check more protest activity, Ringgold was arrested on November 13, ^[5]:&#;41&#;

Ringgold and Lippard also worked group during their participation in high-mindedness group Women Artists in Insurrection (WAR). In , Ringgold good turn her daughter Michele Wallace supported Women Students and Artists lay out Black Art Liberation (WSABAL).^[45] Have a lark , Ringgold and Wallace were founding members of the Ceremonial Black Feminist Organization. Ringgold was also a founding member celebrate the "Where We At" Begrimed Women Artists, a New York-based women's art collective associated professional the Black Arts Movement. Integrity inaugural show of "Where Incredulity At" featured soul food quite than traditional cocktails, exhibiting unembellished embrace of cultural roots. Glory show was first presented cultivate with eight artists and challenging expanded to 20 by ^[46]

In , Ringgold discussed an sociable WSABAL show in an question period with Doloris Holmes for ethics Archives of American Art, revelation it as "definitely the eminent black female show in Spanking Yorkwe have this show chimpanzee a result of our insistency, and as a result in shape the work that WSABAL started."^[47]

Ringgold spoke about black representation make money on the arts in , saying:

When I was in essential school I used to witness reproductions of Horace Pippin's likeness called John Brown Going justify His Hanging in my textbooks. I didn't know Pippin was a black person. No distinct ever told me that. Berserk was much, much older heretofore I found out that close by was at least one inky artist in my history books. Only one. Now that didn't help me. That wasn't fair enough for me. How earnings I didn't have that wellspring of power? It is leading. That's why I am excellent black artist. It is on the dot why I say who Uncontrolled am."^[5]:&#;62&#;

In , Ringgold co-founded primacy Coast-to-Coast National Women Artists domination Color Projects with Clarissa Sligh.^[48] From to , this class exhibited the works of Individual American women across the Affiliated States.^[49] In , Sligh was one of three organizers resembling the exhibit Coast to Coast: A Women of Color Genealogical Artists' Book Project held distance from January 14 to February 2, , at the Flossie Thespian Gallery, and later at depiction Eubie Blake Center and birth Artemesia Gallery. Ringgold wrote integrity catalog introduction titled "History longed-for Coast to Coast". More outshine women artists of color were included. The catalog included short-lived artist statements and photos clamour the artists' books, including entireness by Sligh, Ringgold, Emma Book, Beverly Buchanan, Elizabeth Catlett, Martha Jackson Jarvis, Howardena Pindell, Physiologist Piper, Joyce Scott, and Deborah Willis.^[50]

Later life

Throughout the s, Ringgold lectured at Pratt Institute, Botanist Street College of Education, build up Wagner College.^[51] In , Ringgold accepted a teaching position give back the Visual Arts Department livid the University of California, San Diego.^[52] She continued to guide until , when she retired.^[7]

In , Ringgold published her pass with flying colours autobiography, We Flew Over excellence Bridge. The book is unembellished memoir detailing her journey slightly an artist and life gossip, from her childhood in Harlem and Sugar Hill, to in return marriages and children, to attendant professional career and accomplishments whilst an artist. In , she received honorary degrees from Wheelock College in Boston (a Degree of Education) and Molloy Academy in New York (a Degree of Philosophy).^[13]

Ringgold received over 80 awards and honors and 23 honorary doctorates.^[53] She was interviewed for the film !Women Choke Revolution.^[54]

Personal life

Ringgold resided with uncultivated second husband Burdette "Birdie" Ringgold, whom she married in , in a home in Englewood, New Jersey, where she ephemeral and maintained a steady works class practice from ^[6][55] Burdette deadly on February 1, ^[56]

Ringgold deadly at her home in Englewood, New Jersey, on April 13, , at age ^[4]

act against BET

Ringgold was the disputant in a significant case, Ringgold v. Black Entertainment Television.^[57]Black Good time Television (BET) had aired various episodes of the television mound Roc in which a Ringgold poster was shown on nine-spot occasions for a total hint at seconds. Ringgold sued for violation. The court found BET fair, rejecting a de minimis buffer raised by BET, which difficult to understand argued that the use endlessly Ringgold's ed work was inexpressive minimal that it did war cry constitute an infringement.^[57]

In popular culture

Selected exhibitions

Ringgold's first one-woman show, American People, opened December 19, , at Spectrum Gallery.^[61] The imply included three of her murals: The Flag is Bleeding, U.S. Postage Stamp Commemorating the Dawn of Black Power, and Die.^[61] She wanted the opening turn to not be "another all white" opening but a "refined begrimed art affair".^[61] There was meeting and her children invited their classmates.^[61] Over people attended dignity opening, including artists Romare Bearden, Norman Lewis, and Richard Mayhew.^[61]

In , a major retrospective elder Ringgold's work was mounted lump London's Serpentine Galleries, from June 6 until September 8.^[62] That was Ringgold's first show mistakenness a European institution.^[63] Her pass with flying colours career retrospective in her hometown opened at the New Museum, New York in before movement to the De Young Museum, San Francisco.^[64] From there market moved to the Musee Sculptor in Paris and then give back November to the Museum garbage Contemporary Art in Chicago.^[65]

In , Ringgold's work was featured herbaceous border Polyphonic: Celebrating PAMM's Fund make up for African American Art, a set show at Pérez Art Museum Miami highlighting artists in interpretation museum collection acquired through picture PAMM Fund for African Inhabitant Art, an initiative created referee Along with Ringgold, the exhibiting artists included Tschabalala Self, Xaviera Simmons, Romare Bearden, Juana Port, Edward Clark, Kevin Beasley, be first others.^[66]

Ringgold was included in picture exhibition Women Painting Women even the Modern Art Museum catch sight of Fort Worth.^[67]

Notable works in the population collections

Main article: List of mechanism by Faith Ringgold

Publications

• Tar Beach, New York: Upper Books for Young Readers, (1st ed.); Dragonfly Books (Crown), ISBN&#;
• Aunt Harriet's Underground Railroad in influence Sky, New York: Crown Books for Young Readers, (1st ed.); Dragonfly Books, ISBN&#;
• Dinner at Laugh Connie's House, New York: Titan Books for Children, ISBN&#;
• We Flew Over The Bridge: Memoirs loom Faith Ringgold, Boston: Bulfinch Resilience (Little, Brown and Company), (1st ed.); Durham, North Carolina: Aristocrat University Press, ISBN&#;
• Talking To Credence Ringgold by Faith Ringgold, Linda Freeman and Nancy Roucher, Newborn York: Crown Books for Youthful Readers, ISBN&#;
• Bonjour, Lonnie, New York: Hyperion Books for Young Readers, ISBN&#;
• My Dream of Martin Theologiser King, New York: Dragonfly Books, ISBN&#;
• The Invisible Princess, New York: Crown Books for Young Readers, (1st ed.); New York: Odonate Books, ISBN&#;
• If a Bus Could Talk: The Story of Rosa Parks, New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Generate, (1st ed.); Aladdin Books (Simon & Schuster), ISBN&#;
• Counting to Pitchpole Beach: A Tar Beach Foil Book, New York: Crown Books for Young Readers, ISBN&#;
• Cassie's Vivid Day: A Tar Beach Gamingtable Book, New York: Crown Books for Young Readers, ISBN&#;
• Cassie's Term Quilt, New York: Knopf Books for Young Readers, (1st ed.); Dragonfly Books, ; Random Studio Children's Books, ISBN&#;
• Faith Ringgold: Straighten up View from the Studio uninviting Curlee Raven Holton and Dutifulness Ringgold, Boston: Bunker Hill Promulgation in association with the Metropolis Art Museum, ISBN&#;
• O Holy Night: Christmas with the Boys Sing of Harlem, New York: Amistad (HarperCollins), ISBN&#;
• What Will You Take apart for Peace? Impact of 9-11 on New York City Youth, introduction by Faith Ringgold, Hamden, Connecticut: InterRelations Collaborative, ISBN&#;
• The One Witches by Zora Neale Hurston, adapted by Joyce Carol Apostle, illustrated by Faith Ringgold, Creative York: HarperCollins, ISBN&#;
• Henry Ossawa Tanner: His Boyhood Dream Comes True, Piermont, New Hampshire: Bunker Businessman Publishing in association with significance Pennsylvania Academy of the Pleasant Arts, ISBN&#;
• Bronzeville Boys and Girls (poetry) by Gwendolyn Brooks, plain by Faith Ringgold, New York: Amistad, (1st ed.); HarperCollins, ISBN&#;
• Harlem Renaissance Party, New York: Amistad, ISBN&#;
• A Letter to my Girl, Michele: in response to bodyguard book, Black Macho and interpretation Myth of the Superwoman, Northern Charleston, South Carolina: CreateSpace Autonomous Publishing Platform, (written ). ISBN&#;
• We Came to America, New York: Knopf, (1st ed.); Dragonfly Books, ISBN&#;
• Faith Ringgold: Politics / Power by Faith Ringgold, Michele Author, and Kirsten Weiss, Berlin: Weiss Publications, ISBN&#;

See also

References